Протэк’21 ite’21

References: 
1.
Methodology for constructing a risk matrix. JSC «VNIIJT», 2011.
2.
Aliev O.T., Aripov N.K., Ergashev B.O. For one place, one road infrastructure 
projects investment support mechanisms and digital railway technology / Ученый 
XXI века. – 2020. – № 6-1 (65). 
3.
Асташкина Л.А., Алиев О.Т., Есмагулова О.М. Стратегия обеспечения 
безопасности и надежности перевозочного процесса на железнодорожном 
транспорте // Проблемы безопасности российского общества. – 2017. – № 4. – 
С. 91–95. 
4.
Aliev O.T., Umarov H.K. Assessment of Decision-Making at Substantiating the 
Strengthening of the Railway Capacity of Uzbekistan in the Conditions of 
Uncertainty and Risks // International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, 
Engineering and Technology. ISSN: 2350-0328. Vol. 6, Issue 9, September 2019. 

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 
Aliev O. T., Nurmonova H. S. 
Tashkent State Transport University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 
The article envisages the ongoing phase of reforming the organizational framework of 
technical safety in life, ie the transition from a compensatory, cost-effective model of labor 
protection to a modern system of occupational risk management. 
One of the main issues of occupational safety is the work to ensure the safety of 
workers. Modern production is characterized by the constant use of technical 
armaments, chemical and microbiological means, and the widespread use of 
mobilized processes. Violation of safety requirements in such conditions can lead to 
dangerous situations that can lead to accidents. 
Occupational safety is a working environment in which the effects of harmful 
and hazardous factors on workers are completely eliminated. In a production 
environment, people are injured by the physical and chemical factors of production. 
Hazardous physical factors of production include moving machines, unprotected 
moving elements of equipment, high or low temperatures on the surface of moving 
objects, materials, equipment or materials, dangerous voltages in the electrical 
network, compressed air, gas energy, explosions, wave shock and so on are similar.
Flying parts from recycled materials and tools pose a serious threat to human health.
Hazardous chemical factors of production are characterized by the effects of bitter, 
harmful and painful substances on the human body. 
The emergence of certain factors of production depends on the technological 
process, equipment design, level of labor organization and so on. 
Risks of production can be divided into open and closed types, depending on the 
nature of their manifestation. Explicit risk factors are characterized by the presence 
of explicit external signs. This includes moving parts of vehicles, fire, lifting and 
hanging loads on scales. 
Closed hazards can be in the form of invisible defects and defects in machinery, 
equipment and tools, or defects that occur in certain accidents and hazards. 
Industrial sanitation 
Industrial sanitation is the maintenance of the territory of industrial enterprises, 
sanitation, industrial buildings and rooms, sanitary equipment (ventilation, heating, 
lighting), sanitary rooms, use of personal protective equipment, improvement of 
working conditions, industrial poisoning and addresses issues related to the 
prevention of occupational diseases, the protection of the health of employees, as 
well as the development of hygiene measures related to the scientific organization of 
labor and the aesthetics of production [1]. 
The scope of the concept of personal hygiene is very wide. For example, 
keeping the body clean, personal hygiene when working, eating, keeping the place 

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clean, and so on. Observance of the rules of personal hygiene has not only individual 
but also social significance. If a person does not follow the rules of personal hygiene, 
it can lead to the spread of infectious diseases in his family and working community. 
Safety requirements for production equipment, machines and mechanisms are 
determined after determining the source of hazardous and harmful factors that may 
occur, taking into account the working conditions and their elements, the design of 
the equipment. 
From the point of view of labor protection, the main requirements for the 
equipment include: safety for human health and life, as well as reliability and 
convenience in their use. 
Changes in the microclimate and the effects of atmospheric conditions on the 
use of equipment should not endanger the body. Production equipment must be fire 
and explosion safe. The materials used in their construction are not harmful, they are 
not dangerous, their moving rotating parts are a source of danger, and therefore they 
must be safely blocked. 
The buttons and handles that should be turned off in the event of an accident 
should be located in a visible and convenient location. This requirement is made 
easier when they are painted red. 
Manufacturing cannot solve such problems without the widespread use of 
modern means of prevention, injury control and accident prevention. 
Ways to protect people from hazardous production factors: active and passive. 
Active protection focuses on eliminating the risk factor or reducing its risk.
Passive protection includes a set of measures to prevent the impact of risk factors on 
humans. This is done by removing the person from the danger zone or creating 
conditions so that the person is not in the danger zone. Passive protection is provided 
by the organization of the production process by improving the design of equipment 
and devices. If the safety of workers is not fully ensured by these measures, the use 
of personal protective equipment (helmets, goggles, respirators, etc.) is required. 
Protective equipment should be equipped in such a way that it is not possible to 
carry out the work with protective equipment. The protective device should be 
activated as soon as a hazard occurs and should not stop working until the exposure 
to the hazardous or noxious factor has ceased. The design of the protection devices 
shall be such that no individual element of the protection device does not work, other 
protection devices do not stop working and do not pose an additional risk. 
The protection should be easy to maintain and control. If necessary, they can be 
equipped with automatic devices to monitor the operation of protective equipment.
Modern mechanisms ensure the safety of work on devices and technological lines, 
regular monitoring of the correctness of barriers, safety devices and alarms, remote 
control systems, the use of personal protective equipment and protective 
equipment [2]. 
Sanitary requirements for production buildings and structures 
1.
The science that studies the effects of work processes and the environment 
on the working body is called cocktail hygiene. As a result of the use of occupational 
hygiene, sanitary-hygienic and preventive measures are developed that can create 

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favorable working conditions, increase work efficiency, reduce occupational diseases 
or eliminate them completely. 
2.
It is known that in the process of work the human body can be adversely 
affected by the external environment, as well as fatigue of some organs. There are 
two types of fatigue: 
3.
rapid fatigue, which is caused by lack of skills or heavy physical work. 
Such harassment passes quickly when the work is done; 
4.
is a slowly developing fatigue that leads to a gradual decrease in working 
capacity. This kind of fatigue occurs as a result of prolonged and always doing the 
same (monotonous) work and damages the human body. 
Harmful factors are their effects on the human body 
There are two types of agricultural production processes, which are excitable 
and non-excitable processes. For example, all technological works, such as 
fertilizing, plowing, pre-sowing tillage, sowing of grain, inter-row tillage, harvesting, 
loading it on vehicles are included in the moving processes. 
Cleaning of grain, threshing, preparation of fodder for cattle, milking, shearing 
of sheep are not carried out, they are performed on machines. A person works in this 
environment following the rules of sanitation and hygiene. The effect of such 
working conditions on the human body is studied by the science of «Occupational 
Hygiene», which performs the following: 

Inspection of air environment in enterprises, production facilities, 
chemicals (gas, vapor, aerosol and so on). 

Remote control of technological processes is of great importance for 
occupational safety, as it ensures that the worker is not in the immediate danger zone. 

Remote control of the process is used when it is difficult or impossible to 
have a person near the production process. This ensures that the equipment operator 
(operator) is far enough away from the danger zone. 

Remote control in modern livestock complexes (fodder preparation, gung 
removal, etc.), when working with flammable or toxic substances (paint work, seed 
damage, etc.), steam dryers, fruit drying equipment, steaming containers and applied 
elsewhere. 
There are the following systems of remote control on the principle of its 
influence: 1) mechanical; 2) hydraulic; 3) pneumatic; 4) electron; 5) combined. 
Mechanical control is used when the equipment is located not far from the 
control panel. Other control systems are used if control is to be carried out at a 
sufficient distance.