by considering how speakers’ contextualized uses of linguistic resources give rise to
implicatures that subsequently become entrenched (or grammaticalized) and eventu-
ally shape the language. They examine a set of polysemous Thai lexemes that
synchronically function as both directional verbs and success markers. They argue that
these lexemes express notions of motion and direction (coming from the earlier, core
meaning of the directional verbs), while also expressing the meaning of success that
arises from pragmatic inferences linked to the general human conceptualization of for-
ward motion along a path correlating with reaching a goal. The authors argue that the
multiple meanings associated with these directional verbs/success markers indicate
they are in an early stage of grammaticalization, in which meaning shift rather than se-
mantic bleaching has occurred.
Language and Identity
The final set of essays addresses issues of language use and creation of social iden-
tity. Gordon analyzes parent-child discourse involving a three-year-old’s narratives
concerning her yet-to-be-born brother. The analysis reveals how the interactions al-
low the young child to rehearse the future role of being a big sister and thus to ac-
tively shape her identity through imaginative (or hypothetical) discourse. This dis-
course is a stunning example of a young child, in collaboration with her parents,
actively creating multiple, complex conceptual blends. Premilovac investigates the
ways in which the discursive construction of local identity (i.e., identity tied to place
such as town versus country) is used at a reunion among old, ethnically diverse
friends from Bosnia-Herzegovina to reassert a multiethnic community in the wake of
radical, exclusionary nationalism. She argues that because the construction of local
identity can cut across ethnic and national boundaries, this discursive construct al-
lows accentuation of similarities among the groups and can serve as a basis for re-
building communities’ multiethnic composition. Reynolds offers an ethnographic
study of language maintenance and social identity among the contemporary Igbo di-
aspora living in the United States. Unlike many historical immigrant groups, the Igbo
have not settled in distinct neighborhoods. Nevertheless, through specific cultural or-
ganizations and special gatherings, which constitute “key sites” for language use, the
group creates contexts in which Igbo verbal arts and identity are performed and
transmitted to a new generation.
This volume presents a glimpse into the rich, intersecting lines of research repre-
sented at GURT 2003. For language researchers who are unfamiliar with usage-
based approaches to language, they offer a vibrant introduction to the range of
research currently being undertaken within this framework. For those working within
usage-based models, they demonstrate the challenges and potential rewards when—
to paraphrase Proust—we seek discovery not by simply searching for new landscapes
but in seeing the familiar with new eyes.
REFERENCES
Clark, Herbert H. 1992.
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