Discourse Competence Discourse competence is traditionally conceptualized as related most closely to mat-
ters of cohesion. The important dimension of “balanced participation” in this speech
activity is based in a particular kind of collaborative discourse structure. Unlike in a
prototypical interview, in which one person asks questions and the other responds,
the challenge of “shooting the shit” for Roshan was to resist asking questions and to
come up with his own volunteered contributions in balance with his American inter-
locutor. Roshan has trouble getting the balance of participation right so that it is rela-
tively equal. Is this a failure of discourse or sociolinguistic competence?
Toward Interactional Competence The analysis of this data set has yielded other important aspects of competence that
suggest what might need to be included in the notion of “interactional competence.”
Several aspects of competence in this data set relate to understanding the bound-
aries of application of certain principles in the interaction. The first has to do with
“degree of seriousness”: A basic principle of this sociable male interaction is that it
should be kept “light.” It is important to note that “seriousness” is not necessarily the
opposite of “jocularity.” Whereas Roshan has the right topic (sports), he violates a
degree of seriousness norm for the activity when he shifts to an allusion to current
events related to violent crime in the United States—that people would kill for Nike
sport shoes. The second facet has to do with what might be called “degree of hyper-
bole.” Roshan picks up on Steve’s initial hyperbole (“I’m starving to death” in utter-
ance 4 of the “better” version) but then generalizes it too much throughout the inter-
action (at utterance 5 in relation to math class: “I didn’t understand a word of what he
was saying”; at 41 in relation to a date: “there’s a million and one guys who want to
go out with her”; and at 57: “Don’t you think he’s like God’s gift to basketball?” and
59: “I mean it’s not humanly possible, you know” in relation to sports), whereas Steve
does not. The third could be termed “degree of self-disclosure” and is consistent with
the idea that male conversation focuses on sociability rather than intimacy. Roshan
understands that participation involves “talking about yourself,” but he is not clear
about what form that self-disclosure is supposed to take or its limits (cf. Barnlund
1989 for a discussion of cross-cultural differences in self-disclosure in sociable
interaction).
Another aspect of competence reflected in this data set is mastery of
subactivities within the larger speech activity. In this case we see that the ability to
shift into “jocularity,” in the form of collaborative joking activity, is important.
Roshan has learned how to respond to teasing (as a kind of subactivity within the
larger activity of “shooting the shit”): Steve reported that in the past Roshan would
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