language) make the distinction between “declarative knowledge” and “procedural
knowledge”: knowledge
that
versus knowledge
how
. Steve and Roshan have concep-
tualized the idea of “short attention span”—a form of declarative knowledge about
the speech activity—but the translation of that concept into procedural knowledge is
very challenging and apparently requires explicit coaching.
Discourse Perspective on Attention
A discourse perspective on attention would take as foundational Chafe’s (1994) work
on consciousness and the flow of language, as the out-of-awareness connection be-
tween thought and speech. It also would draw on work in the ethnography of speak-
ing, using culturally defined units of speech events and activities as the starting point
(Hymes 1972). In this case, we have a named activity; the culture or subculture has
chosen to lexicalize it. Hymes’ notion of “key” also is important here. In terms of
“manner” or “spirit” (Hymes 1972, 57) this notion seems relevant to the analysis be-
cause this speech activity is characterized as nonserious and perfunctory (in that top-
ics are touched on lightly and switched rapidly). Yet already we have two “keys”—
and if we consider “tone,” another dimension is introduced: the “downer” tone as
identified by Steve.
If we turn to Goffman’s (1981) idea of “footing,” we have a way of trying to mark
boundaries of the speech activity within the stream of interaction—the strips that oc-
cur when speakers are “shooting the shit.” Such boundary-making could include a
quality of attention as part of the “footing,” for which we need to return to the earlier
work of Schütz (1967) for the phenomenological dimension (defined as an analysis
or description of how an activity is experienced by those engaging in it). Schutz’s no-
tion of consciousness includes shifting “the accent of reality” as it moves among “fi-
nite provinces of meaning,” each of which has its own cognitive style.
The speech activity under investigation here clearly seems to have a particular
cognitive style, partly conceptualized by the practitioners in relation to length of “at-
tention span” and the notion of a “groove.” It also has the distinctive quality, however,
of being a form of joint action. “Groove” is a term from jazz, representing the idea
that the participants move into a space in which they are improvising smoothly and
effectively together. Such an idea relates to the notion of a specific tension of con-
sciousness and a prevalent form of spontaneity.
Conclusion
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