Перевод профессионально

dynamic braking circuit
– 
цепь реостатного тормоза
, 
general reactor equation
– 
общее 
уравнение ядерного реактора
).
The terminological systems of many fields of knowledge such as 
mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, medicine, technology 
contain so-called eponymic units. Those are terms the structure of which 
includes the proper names of outstanding scientists, inventors, doctors, 
etc. For example: 
watt
– 
ватт
, 
Weierstrass theorem
– 
теорема 
Вейерштрасса
, 
Marfan syndrome
– 
синдром Марфана
.
If there is a proper name in preposition, it is translated by an adjective, 
a noun in the Genitive case, or a noun with a preposition: 
Kirchhoff's first law
– 
первый закон Кирхгофа
; 
London Air Traffic Control Centre 
– 
Лондонский центр 
управления воздушным движением.
If there is a participle in the middle of the attributive construction it may 
be translated into the Russian language by a noun in the Genitive case 
(
decision-making system
– 
система принятия решений
).

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26 
A new foreign term demands an exact decoding by the logical and 
linguistic analysis of this word and its connection with the context and 
formation of a precise monosemantic equivalent.
From the point of view of the understanding and translation difficulty 
terms may be classified into three groups: 
1) Terms denoting realia of other countries. Several ways of 
translation are possible: a) by a Russian term, the form of which is 
connected with a form of an English word (international terms); b) by a 
Russian term, the form of which is not connected with a form of an 
English term; c) the meaning of a multi-word English term has a fully 
equivalent Russian term; d) the general meaning of a multi-word term 
coincides with the meaning of an analogous Russian term, but their 
components are different.
2) Terms denoting realia of other countries, but having generally 
accepted Russian terminological equivalents.
3) Terms denoting realia of other countries and not having generally 
accepted Russian terminological equivalents. Translation of such terms 
may be done in the following ways:
а) description of an English term; b) 
word-for-word translation; c) partial or full transliteration; d) transliteration 
and word-for-word translation; e) transcription; f) transcription and 
translation.
It is necessary to mention that the main mistake in translation of such 
terms is that translators sometimes try to find a literal equivalent of the 
English term in Russian materials. Such approach is not completely 
correct as it is important to render the specific character of foreign realia. 
Furthermore, these terms may express concepts typical only of foreign 
reality and, consequently, they may not correspond to the realia 
accepted in Russian special texts. Translators can also make a mistake 
as a result of wrong referring of a term to one of the groups mentioned 
above and choice of an inadequate way of translation. One more 

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27 
translator‟s mistake is word-for-word translation when an English term or 
its components are analogous to a Russian term, but they have another 
meaning. In translation it is necessary to take into consideration the 
meaning of the term in the particular situation and concrete context. It is 
also necessary to take into account the possible changes 
of term‟s 
meaning if it is used in the plural form.
Thus, correct understanding and translation of terms depend not only 
on good knowledge of the language, but also on being aware of foreign 
and Russian realia.