General Analysis Procedure for Single Time Constant
RL
Circuits
10.49
The single time constant that describes the natural response of the circuit is a property of circuit
alone and does not depend on source function values. Therefore, it can be found from the
dead
circuit obtained by
deactivating all independent sources. We get the
dead circuit by replacing all
independent voltage sources by short-circuits and all independent current sources by open circuits.
Now, that circuit will contain only one inductor and possibly many resistors (and dependent sources,
if they were present in the original circuit). We can find the equivalent resistance connected across the
inductor by series/parallel combinations and by star-delta transformation if necessary. If the circuit
contains linear dependent sources we may have employ
unit current injection method or
unit voltage
application method detailed in Chapter 5 to find the equivalent resistance across inductor. Once we get
this resistance, we can find time constant by
t
=
L/R
eq
.
Next step is to check whether there are impulse sources in the circuit. If there are, the amount of
V-s dumped on the inductor at
t
=
0 has to be evaluated and the
change in inductor current at
t
=
0 has
to be found out. This change in current added to the initial condition specified at
t
=
0
-
will give us the
value of inductor current at
t
=
0
+
.
But we need the initial condition for the particular circuit variable
we are solving for. Therefore, we have to carry out a DC circuit analysis at
t
=
0
+
in which the inductor
is replaced by a DC current source of value equal to its current at
t
=
0
+
and all the independent sources
are replaced by DC sources (if they are not DC sources already) of value equal to their values at
t
=
0
+
.
Solving the resulting circuit will give us the initial condition for the particular circuit variable of interest.
In the third step, we work out the forced response for all independent sources in the circuit. Since
the circuit has a steady-state for DC and AC, we use steady-state analysis for this. In particular, if the
sources are DC sources, we replace inductor by short-circuit and solve the resulting resistive circuit
for the variable of interest. We may use superposition principle along with mesh or node analysis for
this purpose. We employ phasor analysis to solve for steady-state if there are AC sources. The steady-
state solution for all the independent sources are added up.
We add the total steady-state solution to the natural response, apply the initial condition for the
relevant variable and evaluate the arbitrary constant in the natural response term in the last step. We
can also use the
zero-input response plus zero-state response method instead of
transient response
plus forced response method. These methods are illustrated through a set of examples that follow.
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