“Four,” he replied.
“How many slavegirls is he allowed?”
“As many as he likes,” was the reply.
“Is anyone permitted to say anything different?”
“No,” replied the Imam.
“You have heard,” said the khalif.
But Abu Hanifa continued, “Allah has allowed this to the people of fairness. If, however, anyone is not fair
or fears that he will not be fair he should only have one. Allah Almighty says,
‘But if you are afraid of not
treating them equally, then only one.’
(4:3) So we must follow the discipline of Allah and take heed of His
admonitions.”
Al-Mansur was silent for a long time. Then Abu Hanifa got up and left. When he reached his house, the
khalif’s wife sent him a servant with money, clothes, a slavegirl and an Egyptian donkey. He refused the gift
and told the servant, “Give her my greeting and tell her that she endangers my
deen
. I did that for Allah, not
desiring anything from anyone.”
It is not known that Abu Hanifa was against Abbasid rule until punitive action was taken against the sons
of ‘Ali and there was a strong dispute between the Abbasids and them. It is known that he was loyal to the
sons of ‘Ali,
partisan on their behalf,
and that he preferred them, so it was natural that he should become
angry when they were angry, especially when those who rebelled against al-Mansur were Muhammad an-Nafs
az-Zakiya (Pure Soul) and his brother Ibrahim. Their father was one of those connected by scholarship to Abu
Hanifa –
The Book of Virtues
mentions him as one of his shaykhs from whom he transmitted. When his sons
rebelled, ‘Abdullah was in al-Mansur’s prison where he died after his sons were killed.
That is why we see words related from Abu Hanifa showing resentment against the Abbasids during the
rebellion of these ‘Alawites and after their deaths. It is clear that, at that time, he did not think that loyalty to
the Abbasids was correct but, as had been the case with him in the past, his resentment never exceeded verbal
criticism and stating his loyalty to the ‘Alawites. He took no action. Such is the
action of scholars who are
only a little distracted from their knowledge by their devotion for those they love. Al-Mansur was aware of
this and he overlooked it sometimes and sought information at other times until the tragedy occurred.
Muhammad Pure Soul rebelled against al-Mansur in Madina in 145 AH and was supported by the people
of Khorasan and others but he was too far away for them to be able to help him. It is reported that in Madina,
Malik
issued a
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