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THE PLACE OF COMPETITION IN DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL
ECONOMY
Kholbaev S.I. – 2nd year PhD student in
field of “World economy” at the University of
World Economy and Diplomacy
Nowadays the world is increasingly faced with growing globalization and
digitalization. In recent years, it has happened significant development of digital
technology that has had a huge impact on all aspects of the daily life of the state and
society.
In 1995, the concept of “Digital economy” existing in scientific and journalistic
literature are firstly used by Don Tapscott, Nicholas Negroponte in their works
1
.
“Digitilazation” is new term that information technology solutions are involved in the
process of innovation management and office work. Consequently, it is considered
using IT in the sphere what is from online store to e-government.
Now, all over the world old and new companies using IT instruments to create
up-to-date services and business models are in strong competition with leader
companies in most sectors. Rapid technological changes requires more flexibility from
companies. For instance, the manufacturing capacity of iPhone 6 is more 120 000 000
times than the capacity of the computer that was used by people for the flight to the
moon
2
.
Problems of providing free and equitable competitive environment for economic
entities in conditions of market economy have a socially significant component, which
their solution create a condition for developing business. This provides employment
for the able-bodied population, satisfies consumer demand at reasonable prices
justified by market conditions and contributes to the economic well-being of society
and the state. It arises the need of making effective mechanisms for creating a favorable
competitive environment in the commodity and financial markets in conditions of a
digital economy.
Technology “boom” influences on bases of economic activity. In this area, three
main trends are rapidly evolving: platforms, sharing and gig economy. Transformation
of business process along the entire value chain characterized by responsiveness and
adaptability provides high level flexibility for producers and consumers accentuating
joint production, consuming, co-creation and human relations. New business models
increase effectiveness and give opportunity to enter global market by using
communication and data processing. At the same time, the competition provided by
new business models encourages traditional companies to innovate.
1
Чепурнова Наталья Михайловна, Мурызева Валентина Олеговна Свободная конкуренция в условиях цифровой
экономики:
механизмы
защиты//Государственная
служба.
2020.
№2
(124).
URL:
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/svobodnaya-konkurentsiya-v-usloviyah-tsifrovoy-ekonomiki-mehanizmy-zaschity
(дата обращения: 13.12.2020).
2
Прохоров Ю.Н., Самойлов М.Г. Цифровая трансформация и влияние её на развитие конкуренции в сфере
закупок в условиях перехода к цифровой экономике // Финансовые рынки и банки. 2019. №2. URL:
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/tsifrovaya-transformatsiya-i-vliyanie-eyo-na-razvitie-konkurentsii-v-sfere-zakupok-v-
usloviyah-perehoda-k-tsifrovoy-ekonomike (дата обращения: 13.12.2020).
284
Development of digital economy may affect internal and external environment of
international business. Big changes is happening in the sphere of information-
communication technology which is seen in different directions of activity of
companies. They can sell their products all over the world through internet. Companies
with small investments may emerge quickly and grow rapidly.
With the help of IT, expenses are able to be decreased. Therefore, there is a
possibility of increasing labor productivity and effectiveness in most fields of the
economy. Moreover, taking into account digital economy the position of companies in
the market is becoming more complicated. The level of risk and uncertainty will rise
in the process of making strategic decision. This situation will not depend on stable
market due to dynamic changes in technology, increase of competition and effect of
the state on the economy.
Technological changes in the digital economy may create new market rules for
manufactures and buyers. In this environment, companies should look for new
competition strategies and increase competition effectiveness. Companies have to
widen their powers in the sphere of IT in order to survive and develop in new condition
at the same time
1
.
Significant increase in investment to science and technology, especially in China
as well as in other emerging markets, has led to a shift in the global distribution of
knowledge and innovation recourses to Asia. If in the past, innovations were mainly
directed in one direction - from highly developed countries to countries with emerging
market economies, now these flows are becoming more and more bilateral.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) forecasts that
along with global production and dissemination of new knowledge, competition for
talents and resources between countries and regions will intensify
2
.
If in traditional business clusters, there was horizontal competition between
companies occupying similar positions in the value chain, in startups or entrepreneurial
ecosystems, horizontal cooperation and networking are developing, and vertical
competition goes on with industrial enterprises located outside the cluster. Strong
feelings of community often arises among startups that contributes to make conditions
for teaching each other, for example developing business skills and scaling radical
business models.
To take advantage of these trends, the authority has to adopt effective laws of
protection of consumers' rights, appropriate mechanisms of control and enforcement.
Governments should also actively participate in current global and regional discussions
about how to impose taxes on goods and services provided with the help of digital
platform at the national, regional and global level. For example, OECD has recently
began to hold public consultation on tax issues appeared owing to digitalization and is
seek ways to address those issues.
1
Умаров О.С. Рақамли иқтисодиёт ва унинг ривожланиш тенденциялари\“Иқтисодиёт ва инновацион
технологиялар” илмий электрон журнали. № 3, май-июнь, 2018 йил.
2
Конкуренция цифровую эпоху: стратегические вызовы для Российской федерации. Доклад о развитии цифровой
экономики в России. 2018 Международный банк реконструкции и развития / Всемирный банк стр.
115\\https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/30584/AUS0000158-RU.pdf?sequence=4&is
Allowed=y
285
Advances in technology and regulatory framework being favorable for provision
of services such as e-money and platform models have enabled a new class of players
distribute different financial services among themselves and offer a wide range of
targeted financial services to clients
1
.
Taking into account network effects and trends towards market concentration in
the digital economy, competition policy should play a more important role in the
process of creating value and reaping benefits. Existing mechanisms should be focused
on forming competitive and adversarial markets in the digital age. At the present time,
in antimonopoly regulation there are more approaches based on assessment of damage
of consumers as a result of price increase. The damage assessment should be broader,
covering, for example, issues relating to consumer privacy, personal data protection,
consumers freedom of choice, market structure, the cost of changing service providers,
and the methods used by companies to retain customers. Moreover, it is also necessary
to develop and implement appropriate competition strategies at the regional and global
levels.
There are various ways to improve the effectiveness of competition law
enforcement in relation to market dominant digital companies, for example, by
pinpointing the relevant market, assessing potential abuse of market power, and
improving controls on mergers. If it is drawn a parallel between digital services and
utilities, relevant regulations should be considered as an instrument to provide open
and fair access for all companies. Regardless of the selected variant developing
countries should strengthen their mechanisms to implement their competition policies
in practice. Efforts at the regional and global levels may be more effective in the fight
against abuse and in the control of mergers and in the provision of fair access to first-
rate platforms for local and regional companies
2
.
In the absence of legislative regulation of the digital economy concept, it seems
necessary, first of all, to consolidate regulatory essential characteristics and concept of
the digital economy, principles of its implementation and measures to protect
competition in the context of digitalization of economic processes. Digital platforms
and network effects, big data control and technological barriers to market entry,
technological connectedness of products and cartels based on algorithms and machine
learning - all this creates conditions and contributes to the emergence of monopolies in
the markets of digital goods and services
3
.
Concluding the above-mentioned points, it could be stated that, rapid
development technology by being looked at the competition concept from a different
angle requires to develop the issues relating to personal human rights, dominant
position of a company and merger in conditions of the digital economy.
1
Конкуренция цифровую эпоху: стратегические вызовы для Российской федерации. Доклад о развитии цифровой
экономики в России. 2018 Международный банк реконструкции и развития\ Всемирный банк стр.
101\\https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/30584/AUS0000158-
RU.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y
2
DIGITAL ECONOMY REPORT 2019. Value creation and capture: implications for developing countries. UNCTAD\
UN, New York, 2019. P. 138-141.
3
Чепурнова Наталья Михайловна, Мурызева Валентина Олеговна Свободная конкуренция в условиях цифровой
экономики:
механизмы
защиты
//
Государственная
служба.
2020.
№2
(124).
URL:
https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/svobodnaya-konkurentsiya-v-usloviyah-tsifrovoy-ekonomiki-mehanizmy-zaschity
(дата обращения: 13.12.2020).
286
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