Caroline njambi united states international university africa

1.7 Definition of Terms 
1.7.1 Employee Motivation 
Motivation as stated by Ran (2009) is generally defined as the process that accounts for 
an individual‟s passion, direction, and determination of effort toward attaining a goal. It 
was also described by Elliot and Zahn (2008) as the strength and direction of behavior. 
1.7.2 Organizational Effectiveness 
The coming together of people to formulate independent business identity for some 
specific purpose is commonly known as organization. Getting desired outcome within 
defined resources is treated as effectiveness. Organizational effectiveness is therefore an 
impression of how capable a group of people are in accomplishing the results the 
organization aims to generate (Oluseyi and Ayo, 2009). 
1.7.3 Employee Turnover 
According to Society for Human Resource Management (2012), employee turnover is 
defined as the rate at which employees enter and leave a company in a given fiscal year. 
Regardless of the health of the economy, turnover is an important metric for HR 
professionals because it allows them to focus not only on retaining their best current 
workforce but also on planning for the future. 

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1.7.4 Employee Absenteeism 
The term absenteeism refers to failure to report to work. The definition itself tells the 
failure of the organization process, if the employee fails to follow the set of rules and 
standards of the organization. Absenteeism is a type of spontaneous action which 
threatens the organization to fall in danger as it leads to the disruption of the daily 
processes. Absenteeism converts the organization into a deviant work place behavior 
(Swarnalatha and Sureshkrishna, 2013). 
1.8 Chapter Summary 
This chapter has provided a focus into the background of the problem, the problem 
statement, the purpose of the study, the research questions, and the importance of the 
study, the scope of the study and the definition of terms. In the next chapter, the 
researcher has reviewed the literature based on the factors that influenced employee 
motivation and how it impacts performance and thereafter looked at the research 
methodology that was adopted in Chapter three. In Chapter four the researcher made a 
summary of the results and findings of the study. And in Chapter five conclusion and 
recommendations of the study are provided. 

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