Caroline njambi united states international university africa

2.3.5 Total Life Space 
The idea of “total life space” is a new concept for human resource managers, growing in 

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importance as the number of employees grow. Employees want to be able to balance the 
demands of work and home. To do this, they want their managers to expect a reasonable 
amount of work, but not so much that the job interferes with personal life (Kalimullah et al, 
2010).
2.3.6 Meaningful Work 
Meaningful work is considered as a very important factor when it comes to intrinsic employee 
motivation. These days, employees want to be engaged in qualitative work. Employees want 
their work to be meaningful to them. Meaningful work is an emerging factor for valued 
outcomes of organizations. Meaningful work is an important issue and is valuable for both 
employee and employer. There are some other factors rather than money which an employee 
may want to share with their community and home members. Such factors include sense of 
achievement and feeling of accomplishment of some tasks. This meaningful work is 
considered as a dividend to the employee (Pocock, 2006).
Outcomes, task distinctiveness and meaningful work are important for such people who have 
the desire for achievement. Employee motivation cannot be separate from demand of 
meaningful work. It is the duty of managers to make work meaningful for their employees so 
that they can be motivated with their job and due to this, employees will show a positive 
response in the organization. Success, achievement and status are included in the meaningful 
work experiences (Yaseen, 2013). 
2.3.7 Training and Development 
Training provides chances to employees‟ growth and enhances their knowledge and skills for 
effective development (Kabir, 2011). Trained workers are more motivated with their job as 
compared to untrained employees (Abdullah and Djebavni, 2011). These training programs 
positively raise employees‟ advancement that is good for competencies (Hunjra et al., 2010). 
By getting these training programs employees are able to get self assured, evolution of career, 
and have positive thought for their organizations/companies (Kabir, 2011). The aim of these 
training and management programs is to amend employees‟ skills and organization 
potentialities (Hunjra, Chani, Aslam, Azam and Rehman, 2010).

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