Hyperbole
[haI’pWbOlI]
—
a deliberate exaggeration —
overstatement or understatement (the vehicle) — intended to
intensify some idea (the tenor).
Overstatement: e.g. Calpurnia was all angles and bones; her
hand was
as wide as a bed slat and twice as hard.
[
Lee
]
e.g. I loved Ophelia; forty thousand brothers / Could not, with all
their quantity of love, / Make up my sum. [
Shakespeare
]
Understatement: e.g. I have not slept one wink.
Meiosis
[mei'ouzis] — toning down a certain idea: e.g. I
think we might do worse. He is rather a decent chap. A special
kind of meiosis is
litotes
[lai’to:tiz] where affirmation is
expressed by denying its contrary, e.g. an artist of no small
stature; the combination of smells was not unpleasing.
Review tasks and exercises on tropes and images
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