MEANINGS.
Simile
['simili]
— a figure of speech which draws an
imaginative comparison between the explicit tenor (primum
comparationis) and vehicle (secundum comparationis) on the
basis of one or more points of
similarity
between them, i. e. the
ground (tertium comparationis)
46
. The comparison is expressed
by a special connective.
Simile is the oldest trope and the commonest figure of
ancient rhetoric. The English vocabulary abounds in lexical
(phraseological) similes: to jump about like a cat on hot bricks,
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Less frequently, contiguity becomes the basis for a simile. An
example of a metonymic simile:
She moves like living mercy bringing light
… [
Masefield
]
cross as a bear with a sore head, easy as falling off a log, etc.
Examples of familiar similes: Her face was as white as snow.
She is as beautiful as a rose.
Examples of genuine similes: Jim stopped inside the door as
immovable as a setter at the scent of quail [
Henry
]. I took on the
project with the enthusiasm of a child going to his first haircut
[
Henry
]. I saw
the ruddy moon
lean over a hedge / Like
a red-
faced farmer
…/ And round about were
the wistful stars
/ With
white faces like
town children
[
Hulme
].
More often than not tertium comparationis is absent from the
surface structure of a sentence, which makes a simile a rather
subtle stylistic device: When the Hindus weave thin wool into
long, long lengths of stuff… they are like slender trees putting
forth leaves, a long white web of living leaf [
Lawrence
].
The formal means of establishing comparison in similes are
as follows:
the connectives ‘as’ and ‘like’, e.g. I can suck melancholy
out of a song, as the weasel sucks eggs [
Shakespeare
]; His
eyes were full of hopeless tricky defiance like that seen in a
cur’s cornered by his tormentors [
Henry
]. Sometimes ‘like’
and the vehicle are compressed into a compound adjective
(an egg-like head, frog-like jaws).
the connective ‘not so… as’, e.g. The wind is not so unkind
as man’s ingratitude.
the structure ‘no more (less) + N… than…’, e.g. There is no
more mercy in him than milk in a male tiger.
the structure ‘with + N + of + N’, e.g. They were talking
together with the dry throaty rattle of pebbles being rolled
down a gully.
the conjunctions ‘as though’, ‘as if’, e.g. He wafted in the
shivering guest as though he ushered a cardinal.
lexical means (the verbs ‘to resemble’, ‘to look like’, etc.)
Many linguists regard the BINARY METAPHOR (see in
metaphors) as a kind of simile, e.g. a ghost of a smile, a nice little
dumpling of a wife.
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