O’zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy va O’rta Maxsus Ta’lim Vazirligi Samarqand Davlat Chet tillar Instituti Roman-German tillari fakulteti Ismoilova Ma’mura Mikromatnda o’rin holi va uning deyktik hodisalarini qiyosiy sintaksem tadqiqi

2.3. Lokativ ablativ semaning ifodalanishi

Sintaktik-semantik belgi ablativ semantik jihatidan keng qamrovli sema hisoblanadi. O.S. Axmanovaning ta’kidlashicha "... isxodnыy padej, otdelitelnыy padej, otlojitelnыy padej, udalitelnыy padej. V latinskom yazыke kategorialnaya forma padeja s razetvlennoy sistemoy Only I just got back from there [14].

Ammo bu borada qayd etish joizki, ingliz tili misolida ufg qurilmasida from + S har doim ham lokativ ablativ semani ifodalavermaydi.

Haqiqatdan ham Z.Dj.Muxtorovning fikricha from + S gap qurilmasida kauzalikni (sabab) ifodalashi mumkin: kauzal semaning from + S yordamida namoyon bo’lishida, ushbu konstruksiya gapda to die, to suffer, to shiver, to cry va ko’pgina:

1. 
   S + dan
   

Biz idoradan keldik (SHOZ, 220)

2. 
   S + dan tashqari:
   

Derazadan tashqari qaradi (RBAD, 230)

2. 
   S + dan ichqari:
   

Bir darvozadan ichkari tepib yubordi (RBAD, 230)

2. 
   S + ortidan:
   

Birov eshik ortidan keldi (OYOKD, 235)

2. 
   S + tarafdan:
   

SHamol Xisor tarafdan esdi (TMO, 110)

2. 
   S + dan bo’ylab:
   

Devordan bo’ylab aytsangiz ham bo’lardi (ADK, 97)

2. 
   S + adog’idan:
   

Jararik adog’idan chopib keldi (TMO, 91)

2. 
   S + ichidan:
   

g’uzalar ichidan shitir-shitir etib chiqib keldi (TMM, 68)

2. 
   S + ostidan:
   

Tutqunda ostidan bayroq bilan janda choponni olaman (SHOZ, 63)

2. 
   S + oldidan:
   

Bozor darvoza oldidan ikki cho’ntak mayda pista oldim (SHT, 198)

2. 
   S + yokdan:
   

o’ng yoqdan bir go’zal keldi (TMO, 137)

O’zbek tilida berilgan misollar tarkibida lokativ ablativ semani ifodalovchi elementlarga va sintaktik birliklarga transformatsiya interrogatsiya yordamida qayerdan so’roq olmoshini qo’yib isbotlash mumkin:

1. 
   Biz idoradan keldik —> Biz qayerdan keldik?
   
2. 
   Derazadan tashqari qaradi —> qayerdan qaradi?
   
3. 
   Bir darvozadan ichkari tepib yubordi —> qayerdan tepib yubordi?
   
4. 
   Birov eshik ortidan keldi —» Birov qayerdan keldi?
   
5. 
   Shamol Xisor tarafdan esdi —> Shamol qayerdan yoki qaysi tarafdan esdi?
   
6. 
   Devordan bo’ylab aytsangiz ham bo’lardi —» qayerdan (bo’ylab) aytsangiz ham bo’lardi?
   
7. 
   Jarariq adog’idan chopib keldi —> qayerdan chopib keldi?
   
8. 
   g’o’zalar ichidan shitir-shitir etib chiqqib keldi — qayerdan shitir- shitir etib chiqib keldi?
   
9. 
   Tutqunda ostidan bayroq bilan janda choponni olaman —qayerdan bayroq bilan janda choponni olasan?
   
10. 
    Bozor darvoza oldidan ikki chuntak mayda pista oldim —qayerdan ikki chuntak mayda pista olding?
    
11. 
    o’ng yoqdan bir go’zal keldi —> qayerdan (qayoqdan) bir go’zal keldi? Yuqoridagi misollar taxlilidan ko’rinishicha lokativ ablativ
    

semalarning ifodalanishida ingliz va o’zbek tillarida bir-biriga mos kelishini quyidagicha izoxlash mumkin:

*from + S S + yokdan, S+ adogidan

S + dan
*out of + S <-> S + dan tashqari

* over + S S + tarafdan

*outside of + S

* off + S

2. 
   S + (ning) tagi dan (ostidan) —> from under + S;
   
3. 
   S + (ning) orqasidan —> from behind + S.
   

Ingliz tili misolida lokativ ablativ semalarni ifodalovchi sintaktik birliklar gap qurilmasida subordinativ aloqa asosida quyidagi differentsial sintaktik-semantik belgilar bilan bog’lanishi mumkin:

1. 
   protsessual aksional sema bilan:
   

Her horse stopped outside the place (STA, 58)

2. 
   substansial ob’ekt sema bilan:
   

Now they have a guard outside his house (ENFA, 36)

3. 
   protsessual ekzistensial sema bilan: Ali Sher will be outside the window (STA, 54)
   
4. 
   protsessual aksional deriktiv sema bilan: Ne was offered round the town (JKJ, 12)
   
5. 
   kvalifikativ kvalitativ sema bilan: Ne went out of his miserable room. (STA, 45)
   
6. 
   posessiv sema bilan:
   

I took my cerbine and came out of my tent (WSM, 35)

7. 
   stativ sema bilan:
   

He shrieked jumping out of bed (JKJ, 41)

8. 
   aksional modal negativ sema bilan:
   

Ne was down with fever and could not stir from his bed (WSM, 35)

9. 
   substansial identifikatsiyalovchi sema bilan: Ne is an Egvtian from Assint (WSM, 44)
   

O’zbek tilida ham lokativ ablativ sema tobe komponent o’rnida subordinativ aloqa asosida quyidagi semalar bilan birikib kelishi mumkin:

1. 
   substansial ob’ekt sema bilan:
   

qiz peshtaxtadan pulni oldi (ADK, 127)

2. 
   protsessual aksional negativ sema bilan: Erdan risoladagiday kutarilmaydi (RBAD, 131)
   
3. 
   stativ sema bilan:
   

Idoradan terimga sigmayin qaytdim (SHT, 122)

4. 
   protsessual aksional sema bilan:
   

Men tumandan mototsikl minib keldim (TMO, 124)

5. 
   ekzistensial sema: YUkoridan odam bor (SHOZ, 136)
   
6. 
   substansial posessiv sema bilan:
   

Birovida Xaytkalni jaridan tirik o’tolmayapti (RBAD, 31).

7. 
   stativ negativ sema bilan:
   

SbAg - substansial agentov;

StNg - stativ negativ;

SbPs - substansial posessiv.