N., and Bakry, N. M. (2006)

Garcia, M. A., Melgar, M. J., and Fernandez, M. I. (1994). Evidence for the safety of coumaphos, diazinon and malathion residues in honey. Veterinary and Human Toxicology [VET. HUM. TOXICOL.]. Vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 429-432. 1994.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.

ISSN: 0145-6296

Descriptors: honey
Descriptors: pesticide residues
Descriptors: diazinon
Descriptors: malathion
Descriptors: Spain
Abstract: Residue levels of coumaphos, diazinon and malathion in honey were analyzed in 177 smaples of honey collected from different regions of Lugo in NW Spain in 1988-1990. One has to expect some of them as residues in honey, even if employed properly, for example coumaphos used against the parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni. Honey samples were extracted with acetonitrile:water (2:1 v/v), partitioned with petroleum-ether, cleaned up with a manual Florisil column or Florisil Sep-Pack, evaporated to dryness, redissolved in an appropriate volume (1 mL) and then analyzed by GLC with a silica capillary column and nitrogen-phosphorus detector. Recoveries of coumaphos, diazinon and malathion varied between 80-97%. One hundred forty-eight samples contained no detectable residues, while 29 had residues of coumaphos and diazinon in ppb levels. These residues are minimal and when eating honey are harmless for the health of human beings.
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Journal Article
Classification: X 24120 Food, additives & contaminants
Classification: H SE4.24 FOOD CONTAMINATION
Classification: X 24136 Environmental impact
Subfile: Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts

Garfitt, S. J., Jones, K., Mason, H. J., and Cocker, J. (2002). Exposure to the organophosphate diazinon: data from a human volunteer study with oral and dermal doses. Toxicology Letters [Toxicol. Lett.]. Vol. 134, no. 1-3, pp. 105-113. 5 Aug 2002.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH.

ISSN: 0378-4274

Descriptors: Diazinon
Descriptors: Pesticides (organophosphorus)
Descriptors: Skin
Descriptors: Blood
Descriptors: Metabolites
Descriptors: Oral administration
Descriptors: Urine
Abstract: Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to diazinon is possible by the determination of blood cholinesterase activity and by the measurement of metabolites in urine. However, there is little data to aid in the interpretation of results. This study gave oral (11 mu g kg super(-1) (36 nmol kg super(-1)) body weight) and occluded dermal (100 mg (329 mu mol)) doses of diazinon to five volunteers and analysed blood and urine samples for plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase and urinary dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of diazinon: diethyl phosphate (DEP) and diethyl thiophosphate (DETP). Following oral and dermal exposure, peak urinary DAP levels occurred at 2 and 12 h, respectively. The apparent urinary elimination half-lives of DAP metabolites following oral and dermal exposure were approximately 2 and 9 h, respectively. Approximately 60% of the oral dose and 1% of the dermal dose was excreted as urinary DAP metabolities, with 90% of the dermal dose being recovered from the skin surface. On a group basis, there was no statistically significant mean depression in plasma or erythrocyte cholinesterase when compared with pre-exposure levels for either dosing experiment. The observed elimination kinetics of diazinon metabolites suggest a biological monitoring strategy for occupational exposure to diazinon based on urine samples collected at the end of shift.
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Journal Article
Classification: X 24133 Metabolism
Subfile: Toxicology Abstracts

Garrett, N. E., Stack, H. F., and Waters, M. D. (1986). Evaluation of the Genetic Activity Profiles of 65 Pesticides. Mutat.Res. 168: 301-325.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: SZ,PNB,RSM,MOM,CBF,ADC,DCNA,24DXY,CYP,DMB,ATN,AZ,BMC,CMY,Captan,DS,DZ,EN,ETN,FNF,FNTH,Folpet,Maneb,MLN,MXC,MP,MZB,PCP,PMR,PPN,PRN,PRT,RTN,SID,SMT,TCF,TFN,TRL,Zineb,DCB Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.

GARRETT NE, STACK HF, and WATERS MD (1986). EVALUATION OF THE GENETIC ACTIVITY PROFILES OF 65 PESTICIDES. MUTAT RES; 168 (3). 1986 (RECD. 1987). 301-326.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM GENOTOXICITY INSECTICIDE HERBICIDE FUNGICIDE Cytology/ Histocytochemistry/ Genetics/ Cytogenetics/ Biochemistry/ Metabolism/ Poisoning/ Animals, Laboratory/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides

Garrood, A. C., Akroyd, C., Beverley, M., Boryslawskyj, M., Pearson, J. T., and Woodhead, D. (1989). Elevation of Glutathione Transferase in Molluscs in Response to Xenobiotics. In: Responses of Mar.Organisms to Pollutants 147 (ABS).
Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 14804
Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: ABSTRACT.

Garten, C. T. and Trabalka, J. R. (1983). Evaluation of Models for Predicting Terrestrial Food Chain Behavior of Xenobiotics. Environ.Sci.Technol. 17: 590-595.

Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 36745
Chemical of Concern: DZ,ADC,AND,AZ,BMY,HCCH,CBL,CHD,CPY,CPYM,CMPH,DDT,DMB,DLD,DMT,DU,ES,EN,ETN,MLN,MTZ,MXC,MRX,PPHD,PCL,TDZ,TXP,TPR,TFL,PCB Rejection Code: REFS CHECKED/REVIEW.

GAULTNEY LD, HOWARD KD, and MULROONEY JE (1996). OFF-TARGET DRIFT WITH AIR-ASSISTED AGRICULTURAL SPRAYERS. HOPKINSON, M. J., H. M. COLLINS AND G. R. GOSS (ED.). ASTM STP, 1312. PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATIONS SYSTEMS: 16TH VOLUME; SIXTEENTH SYMPOSIUM ON PESTICIDE FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS, NORFOLK, VIRGINIA, USA, NOVEMBER 14-15, 1995. VIII+216P. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM): PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, USA. ISBN 0-8031-2035-4.; 0 (1312). 1996. 104-113.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM BOOK CHAPTER MEETING PAPER PESTICIDES OFF-TARGET DRIFT AIR-ASSISTED AGRICULTURAL SPRAYER AIR SHEAR SPRAYERS METHODOLOGY Congresses/ Biology/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides

Gautam, R. K., Gautam, K., and Tejeshwarilal, K. (2002). Effects of Pesticides on Gastro Intestinal Nucleic Acids in Channa punctatus. J.Ecotoxicol.Environ.Monit. 12: 57-60.

EcoReference No.: 85642

Chemical of Concern: DZ; Habitat: A; Effect Codes: CEL; Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(DZ).

Gencsoylu, I., Liu, W., Usmani, K. A., and Knowles, C. O. (1998). Toxicity of Acaricides to the Bulb Mite Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Acari: Acaridae). Exp.Appl.Acarol. 22: 343-351.

EcoReference No.: 64443

Chemical of Concern: TFY,FPP,CYP,DDT,IMC,CPY,DZ,DMT,CBL,RTN,PMR,FNV,BFT,CBF,DLD,EN,AND,FPN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CBF),OK TARGET(DMT,RTN,CYP,BFT,FPN,DZ),OK(ALL CHEMS).

George, T. K., Liber, K., Solomon, K. R., and Sibley, P. K. (2003). Assessment of the Probabilistic Ecological Risk Assessment-Toxic Equivalent Combination Approach for Evaluating Pesticide Mixture Toxicity to Zooplankton in Outdoor Microcosms. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology [Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.]. Vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 453-461. Dec 2003.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: MIXTURE.

ISSN: 0090-4341

Descriptors: Pesticides
Descriptors: Toxicity
Descriptors: Zooplankton
Descriptors: Chlorpyrifos
Descriptors: Insecticides
Descriptors: Trifluralin
Descriptors: Diazinon
Descriptors: Surface water
Descriptors: Endosulfan
Descriptors: Risk assessment
Descriptors: Acute toxicity
Abstract: The probabilistic ecological risk assessment-toxic equivalent (PERA-TE) combination approach was recently introduced in response to the increased demand for risk assessment approaches that can accommodate mixtures. The effectiveness and validity of the PERA-TE approach was assessed using two types of pesticide mixtures tested in outdoor microcosms. The first type of mixture consisted of pesticides with similar modes of action (the organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon) and the second of pesticides with different modes of action (chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, and trifluralin). To assess the toxicity of, and potential interaction within, each type of mixture, theoretically equitoxic TE mixtures were prepared in different proportional ratios. The TE mixtures were based on the 10th centile of acute toxicity effects distributions (data obtained from the literature) and a factor of the sum of the 90th centile field concentrations extrapolated from exposure distributions based on North American surface water monitoring data. Changes in zooplankton population abundances were used as the effect measure. The binary organophosphorus mixtures were equitoxic and conformed to the concentration addition model. The observed response trends of zooplankton exposed to the mixture of chemicals with different modes of action were a result of the susceptibility of individual taxa to the dominating pesticide in each mixture. Overall, the PERA-TE approach was not effective in predicting the toxicity and interaction of all mixture types and should be limited to assessing mixtures of chemicals with similar modes of action.
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
DOI: 10.1007/s00244-003-2123-9
Language: English
English
Publication Type: Journal Article
Classification: X 24221 Toxicity testing
Classification: P 6000 TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH
Classification: EE 40 Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation
Subfile: Environmental Engineering Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts

Getzin, L. W. (1967). Metabolism of Diazinon and Zinophos in Soils. J.Econ.Entomol. 60: 505-508.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METABOLISM.

Getzin, L. W. and Rosefield, I. (1966). Persistence of Diazinon and Zinophos in Soils. J.Econ.Entomol. 50: 512-516.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.

Ghatge, N. D. and Mohite, S. S. (1987). Disiloxane-containing difunctional compounds: Synthesis and reactivity of 1,3-bis-(p-isocyanatophenyl) disiloxanes. Polyhedron 6: 435-440.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

Disiloxane-containing diisocyanates having the following general structure: where R = CH3 and C6H5, have been synthesized by the Curtius rearrangement of acid diazides. Both the diazides and one diisocyanate (R = C6H5) are new. The other diisocyanate (R = CH3) was prepared by following a new synthetic route. All the compounds were characterized by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The reactivity of the diisocyanates with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol was studied using the IR spectroscopic technique.

Ghidoni, Riccardo, Sala, Giusy, and Giuliani, Attilia (1999). Use of sphingolipid analogs: benefits and risks. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids 1439: 17-39 .
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

Ceramide/ Sphingosine/ Glycosphingolipid/ Sphingomyelin/ Short-chain/ NBD/ Apoptosis

Giordani, Cristiana, Licandro, Emanuela, Maiorana, Stefano, Papagni, Antonio, Slawin, Alexandra M., and William, David J. (1990). Reactions of chromium (methoxymethyl)carbene complexes with 3H-indoles. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 393: 227-236.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

The reactions of chromium-complexed carbenes with 3,3-dimethyl 3H-indoles have been studied in the presence and absence of a Lewis acid as activator in sunlight or under irradiation from a Hg lamp. 1,3-Diazinone-diindolic derivatives have been obtained.

Glass, P. W., Jordan, B. L., Mancini, J. L., and Mathews, J. (1995). WET Testing Faces Diazinon Dilemma. Water Environ.Technol. 29-30.
Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 45846
Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: EFFLUENT.

Glotfelty, D. E., Schomburg, C. J., McChesney, M. M., Sagebiel, J. C., and Seiber, J. N. (1990). Studies of the distribution, drift, and volatilization of diazinon resulting from spray application to a dormant peach orchard. Chemosphere 21: 1303-1314.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: FATE.

An experiment was conducted to determine the spray distribution, spray drift, and volatilization of diazinon applied in the conventional manner with an air-blast sprayer to a dormant peach orchard. Copper hydroxide and a dormant oil were applied along with the diazinon. Soil samples and tree rinse samples were used to determine the distribution in the orchard. Airborne losses were calculated by the integrated horizontal flux method from measurements of wind speed and pesticide concentration profiles obtained during and for several days following application. Diazinon was not distributed evenly between the trees and the soil in the orchard according to their relative areas. Most of the diazinon accounted for was found to be on the soil. The residue on the soil dissipated with a 19 day half life. Application drift losses were small compared to long-term volatilization losses, and we conclude that most of the diazinon in California's Central Valley atmosphere during the dormant spray season results from volatilization. This result has important implications for designing strategies for controlling inadvertent contamination of other crops and the environment.

Glotfelty, D. E., Schomburg, C. J., Mcchesney, M. M., Sagebiel, J. C., and Seiber, J. N. (1990). Studies of the Distribution, Drift, and Volatilization of Diazinon Resulting from Spray Application to a Dormant Peach Orchard. Chemosphere 21: 1303-1314.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA.

Goel, R. G. and Prasad, H. S. (1973). Organobismuth compounds : V. Preparation, characterization, and properties of triphenylbismuth diazide and dicyanide. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 50: 129-134 .

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

Triphenylbismuth diazide and the dicyanide have been prepared and characterized. Previously reported triphenylbismuth hydroxide cyanide has been shown to be triphenylbismuth dicyanide. A trigonal bipyramidal structure is indicated for both the compounds on the basis of their infrared and laser Raman spectra. The molecular weight and conductance data for the diazide in acetone are also in accord with a molecular structure. The dicyanide is, however, decomposed in solution into diphenylbismuth cyanide and benzonitrile. Thermal decomposition of the solid dicyanide and the diazide has also been studied. The possibility of the conversion of the diazide and the dicyanide into the corresponding dicyanate has been explored. Unlike transition metal azides, the triphenylbismuth diazide does not react with CO. Triphenylbismuth dicyanide could also not be converted into the corresponding dicyanate by reaction with either HgO or MnO2. Reaction with HgO afforded triphenylbismuth oxide and the reaction with MnO2 gave uncharacterized products.

Golenda, C. F. and Forgash, A. J. (1985). Fenvalerate Cross-Resistance in a Resmethrin-Selected Strain of the House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae). J.Econ.Entomol. 78: 19-24.

EcoReference No.: 69959

Chemical of Concern: MLN,FNV,ADC,PPB,RSM,DZ,DDT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Rejection Code: OK(ALL CHEMS),OK TARGET(DZ,RSM).

Gomaa, H. M., Suffet, I. H., and Faust, S. D. (1969). Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Diazinon and Diazoxon. Residue Rev. 29: 171-190.

Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 62360
Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: NO SPECIES.

Gomez, F., Martinez-Toledo, M. V., Salmeron, V., Rodelas, B., and Gonzalez-Lopez, J. (1999). Influence of the insecticides profenofos and diazinon on the microbial activities of Azospirillum brasilense. Chemosphere 39: 945-957.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: BACTERIA.

The influence of 10, 50, 100, 200 and 300 [mu]g/ml of profenofos and diazinon were investigated in cells of Azospirillum brasilense grown in chemically-defined medium and dialysed-soil medium. The insecticide diazinon did not affect microbial growth, levels of ATP, dinitrogen fixation and production of vitamins of A. brasilense in either chemically-defined medium or dialysed-soil medium. Profenofos significantly reduced dinitrogen fixation, intracellular levels of ATP, production of pantothenic acid, thiamine, niacin and growth in cells grown in chemically-defined medium. However, these negative effects were not significant in cells grown in dialysed-soil medium, suggesting that application of profenofos to culture medium was not detrimental to A. brasilense under the present experimental conditions. Organophosphorus-insecticides/ profenofos/ diazinon/ Azospirillum/ microbial activity

Gomez-Gutierrez, Anna I., Jover, Eric, Bodineau, Laurent, Albaiges, Joan, and Bayona, Josep M. ( Organic contaminant loads into the Western Mediterranean Sea: Estimate of Ebro River inputs. Chemosphere In Press, Corrected Proof.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: SURVEY.

Annual input estimates for several organic contaminants from the Ebro River into the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea were carried out on the basis of monthly sampling from November 2002 to October 2003. Some organochlorine compounds (DDT and its degradation products, DDD and DDE, PCBs (9 congeners), HCB and [gamma]-HCH) were selected due to their reported occurrence in the river. Furthermore, some polar pesticides used in the Ebro Delta were also determined (atrazine, simazine, diazinon, fenitrothion and molinate). Concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 19.5 ng l-1 for the organochlorine compounds (sum of particulate and dissolved phases) and from not detected (ND) to 170 ng l-1 for the more polar pesticides, which were only found in the dissolved phase. The sum of PCB congeners (mean 8.9 ng l-1) showed the highest concentrations among the organochlorine compounds and atrazine (mean 82 ng l-1) among the polar pesticides. Based on the contaminant concentrations and on hydrological data, contaminant discharges into the sea were estimated amounting in total to 167 and 1258 kg year-1 of organochlorine compounds and polar pesticides, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that PCBs, DDTs and HCB inputs were basically influenced by spate periods due to an increase in suspended particulate matter associated to runoff and sediment resuspension. Whereas for more water soluble contaminants, such as the agrochemicals, their seasonal use had a higher incidence in contaminant fluxes. Bulk chemical parameters such as SPM, DOC, POC, %OC, %ON and C/N ratio provided additional information on the organic matter sources. This provides a better understanding of the temporal variability of the contaminant concentrations. Organochlorine compounds/ Pesticides/ River outflow/ Contaminant transport processes/ Contaminant loads/ Temporal trends

Graebing, Phillip and Chib, J S (2004). Soil photolysis in a moisture- and temperature-controlled environment. 2. Insecticides. Journal Of Agricultural And Food Chemistry 52: 2606-2614.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: EFV Rejection Code: FATE.

The photolytic degradations of imidacloprid, carbofuran, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, pyridaben, propoxur, and esfenvalerate were independently compared in both moist (75% field moisture capacity at 0.33 bar) and air-dry microbially viable soils at 5 microg/g. All compounds were applied to sandy soil except for propoxur, which was applied to sandy loam soil. Diazinon was applied to both sandy soil and sandy loam soil. The samples were exposed for up to 360 h, depending on the half-life of the compound. Moisture and temperature were maintained through the use of a specially designed soil photolysis apparatus. Corresponding dark control studies were performed concurrently. With the exception of esfenvalerate, the other compounds exhibited significantly shorter half-lives in moist soils, attributed to the increased hydrolysis and microbial activity of the moist soil. The esfenvalerate metabolism was not first order due to limited mobility in the soil because of its very low water solubility. The overall half-life for esfenvalerate was 740 h, as the percent remaining did not drop below 60%. The imidacloprid half-life in irradiated moist soil was 1.8 times shorter than in air-dry soils. However, on dry soil the photodegradation showed poor first-order kinetics after 24 h of exposure. The metabolism of carbofuran and diazinon was highly dependent on soil moisture. Carbofuran exhibited 2.2 times longer half-lives when less moisture was available in the soil. Diazinon in moist sandy soil degraded rapidly, but slowed significantly in irradiated and dark control air-dry sandy soil. Diazinon photolysis on sandy loam soil was not first order, as it attained a constant concentration of 54.9%, attributed to decreased mobility in this soil. Chlorpyrifos photolysis was 30% shorter on moist sand than on air-dry sand. Pyridaben photolyzed rapidly throughout the first 72 h of irradiation but maintained 48% through 168 h. Propoxur metabolism in moist sandy loam soil was not first order and did not degrade below 50% after 360 h of exposure, but the overall half-life was still nearly half of that on irradiated air-dry soil. Three of the compounds showed differences in metabolism patterns during exposure on moist or air-dry soil. Typically, the moist soils produced a more linear decline than that seen in the dry soils, corresponding to the susceptibility of the particular chemical to hydrolysis and/or biodegradation. Four of the eight experiments had shorter half-lives in dark control moist soils than in irradiated dry soils. [Journal Article; In English; United States]

Grafton-Cardwell, E. E. and Hoy, M. A. (1985). Intraspecific Variability in Response to Pesticides in the Common Green Lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Hilgardia 53: 1-31.

EcoReference No.: 73696

Chemical of Concern: MOM,DZ,PMR,FNV,CBL,PSM; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,REP; Rejection Code: TARGET(DZ).

Granifo, J., Vargas, M. E., Costamagna, J., and Francois, M. A. (1988). Coordination of a polyfunctional cyclic ligand containing a P---P bond to the fragment [Mo(CO)3(NN)] (NN = 2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline). Spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization. Polyhedron 7: 489-494.

Chem Codes : Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

The reaction of 1,3,4,6-tetramethyl-1H,4H-1,3,4,6-tetraaza-3a, 6a-diphosphapentalen-2,5(3H,6H)-dithion-3a-sulphide (TDP) with the derivatives of metal carbonyls [Mo(CO)3(NN)(CH3CN)] (NN = 2,2′-bipyridine, 1, 10-phenanthroline) leads to fac-Mo(CO)3(NN)(TDP) complexes with the ligand coordinated through the trivalent phosphorus atom. The IR and visible spectra of the new complexes as well as their electrochemical and general properties are discussed.

Granon, S. (1986). Spectrofluorimetric study of the bile salt micelle binding site of pig and horse colipases. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology 874: 54-60.
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DZ Rejection Code: METHODS.

Pig and horse colipases contain three tyrosine residues. In addition, horse colipase possesses a tryptophan residue. Some of the tyrosine residues are involved in the association of colipase and a bile salt micelle. The present report demonstrates that the aromatic residues responsible for colipase fluorescence are in an aqueous environment. In the presence of bile salt micelles, changes in colipase fluorescence properties indicate that the intrinsic fluorophores are located in a more hydrophobic environment upon colipase-micelle complex formation. In addition, the fluorescence of an NBD group fixed on lysine 60, which is very close to the aromatic region in the pig colipase, is also altered in the presence of micelles. These results show that the micelle binding site is not limited to the tyrosine residues but may be broadened to adjacent residues such as lysine 60 and also tryptophan 52 in horse colipase. Colipase/ Bile-salt micelle/ Lipid-protein interaction