Мuzaffar Choriyev Мuхаmmаdi G‘opporov

OLMOSH

Umumiy ma’lumotlar

Olmosh deb ot va sifat o‘rnida ishlatiladigan so‘zlarga aytiladi.

KISHILIK OLMOSHLARI (PERSONAL PRONOUNS)

1. 
   Kishilik olmoshlari har doim olmosh-ot bo‘lib keladi. Ularda ikkita kelishik bor: bosh kelishik (the Nominative Case) va obyekt kelishigi (the Objective Case).
   

	Bosh kelishik	Obyekt kelishigi	Egalik olmoshlari	Egalik olmosh-oti
Shaxs	Birlikda	Birlikda
I II III	I men - he she u it	me - him her it	My - his her its	mine –meniki - his hers - uniki its	Myself Yourself Himself Herself Itself Oneself

Shaxs	Ko‘plikda	Ko‘plikda
I II III	we biz you siz they ular	Us you them	Our Your their	ours- bizniki yours- sizniki theirs-ularniki	Ourselves Yourselves Themselves --

2. Bosh kelishikdagi kishilik olmoshlari gapda ega va ot kesim tarkibida keladi:

I saw that picture (ega). Men u suratni ko‘rdim.

It is I (he, we va hok.). Bu men (u, biz va hok.) .

Izoh: Og‘zaki nutqda ot kesim tarkibida kishilik olmoshining obyektiv kelishikdagi shakli ham uchraydi: it’s me (him, us). It’s me shakli ayniqsa ko‘proq uchraydi.
3. I olmoshi har doim bosh harf bilan yoziladi. I olmoshi boshqa olmoshlar yoki otlar bilan birga kelganda, har doim ulardan keyin ishlatiladi:

You and I (yoki: he and I) must be there at seven o’clock.	Siz bilan men (yoki: u bilan men) soat ettida u yerda bo‘lishimiz kerak.
My brother and I will help you.	Akam bilan men Sizga yordam beramiz.

4. He u olmoshi erkaklarga nisbatan, she u xotin-qizlarga nisbatan, it u jonsiz buyumlarga nisbatan va hayvonlarga nisbatan ishlatiladi:

Peter is an engineer. He works at a factory.	Piter – injener. U zavodda ishlaydi.
Where is Helen? –She is in the garden.	Helen qayerda? – U bog‘da.
The chair is broken. It is broken.	Stul siniq. U siniq.
The book is on the shelf. It is on the shelf.	Kitob tokchada. U tokchada.
The window is open. It is open.	Deraza ochiq. U ochiq.
The cat is under the table. It is under the table.	Mushuk stol ostida. U stol ostida.

5. They ular olmoshi III shaxs ko‘plik uchun ishlatiladi:

The students are in the corridor. They are in the corridor.	Talabalar koridorda. Ular koridorda.
The documents are on the table. They are on the table.	Hujjatlar stol ustida. Ular stol ustida.

6. You Siz, sen olmoshi II shaxs birlik va ko‘plik uchun ishlatiladi:

Children, where are you?	Bolalar, qyerdasiz?
Mary, where are you?	Meri, qayerdasan?

O‘zbek tilidagi sen olmoshiga to‘g‘ri keladigan thou (thee) olmoshi hozir og‘zaki nutqda ham, adabiyotda ham ishlatilmaydi, u faqat ko‘tarinki ruhda yozilgan she’riyatda va nasrda uchrashi mumki.

7. Obyektiv kelishikdagi kishilik olmoshlari gapda vositasiz to‘ldiruvchi bo‘lib keladi:

He saw me in the street.	U meni ko‘chada ko‘rdi.
I met them at the station.	Men ularni stansiyada uchratdim.
He showed her the picture.	U unga suratni ko‘rsatdi.

8. Obyektiv kelishikdagi kishilik olmoshlari istagan predlog bilan kelishi mumkin va gapda to‘ldiruvchi bo‘lib keladi:

He showed the picture to her and not to me.	U suratni unga ko‘rsatdi, menga emas.
The article was translated by her and not by them.	Maqola ular tomonidan emas, u tomonidan tarjima qilingan.
This pen is bad. I cannot write with it.	Bu ruchka yomon. Men u bilan yoza olmayman.
This letter is for you.	Bu xat Sizga (Siz uchun).
I have read about it.	Men bu haqda o‘qiganman.
I quite agree with you.	Men to‘liq Sizga qo‘shilaman.
I have received a letter from her.	Men undan xat oldim.

EGALIK OLMOSHLARI (POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS)

1. 
   Ingliz tilida egalik olmoshlari ikki xil bo‘ladi: egalik olmosh-sifatlari va egalik olmosh-otlari.
   

2. Egalik olmosh-sifatlari whose? kimning so‘rog‘iga javob bo‘lib, sifat vazifasida keladi. Ular doim ot oldida keladi va otlarning ko‘rsatkichi bo‘lganligi uchun ularning ketidan kelgan otlar artiklsiz ishlatiladi, chunki bitta ot oldida faqat bitta ko‘rsatkich kelishi mumkin:

My pencil is on the table.	Mening qalamim stol ustida.
He gave me his address.	U menga o‘zining manzilini berdi.

Agar otdan oldin boshqa aniqlovchi bo‘lsa, egalik olmoshi boshqa har qanday ko‘satkich kabi o‘sha aniqlovchining oldiga o‘tadi:

Where is my red pencil?	Mening qizil qalamim qayerda?
His elder brother lives in Brighton.	Uning katta akasi Braytonda yashaydi.

2. 
   Egalik olmoshlari artiklga o‘xshab all va bothdan keyin qo‘yiladi:
   

All my pencils are in that box.	Mening hamma qalamlarim o‘sha Qutida.
Both his brothers live there.	Uning har ikkala akasi o‘sha yerda yashaydi.

3.Egalik olmosh-otlaridan keyin hech qachon ot kelmaydi, ularning o‘zi ot o‘rnida ishlatiladi. Ular gapda ega, to‘ldiruvshi yoki ot-kesim tarkibida keladi:

This is not my pencil, mine is blue.	Bu mening qalamim emas, meniki ko‘k.(ega).
I have broken my pencil. Please give me yours. (to‘ldiruvchi)	Men qalamimni sindirib qo‘ydim. Iltimos qalamingizni berib turing.
This book is mine.	Bu kitob meniki.

5. O‘zbek tilida egalik olmoshlari tushib qolib, ularning o‘rnida ega-lik qo‘shimchasi yoki o‘zimning, o‘zingning, o‘zining, o‘zimizning, o‘zin-gizning, o‘z-larining olmoshlari bilan berilishi mumkin, lekin ingliz tilida egalik olmoshlari hech qachon tushib qolmaydi yoki boshqa narsa bilan almashtirilmaydi:

Men ruchkamni sindirib qo‘ydim.	I have broken my pen.
U qalamini yo‘qotib qo‘ydi.	She has lost her pencil.
Ular kitoblarini bizga berdilar.	They gave us their books.
Mening lug‘atim yo‘q. Siz menga lug‘atingizni berib tura olasizmi?	I haven’t got a dictionary. Can you give me your dictionary?
U ta’tilini Oqtoshda o‘tkazdi.	He spent his leave in Oktosh.
U xatni cho‘ntagiga soldi.	He put the letter into his pocket.
Paltongizni yeching!	Take off your coat!
Men buni akamga aytdim.	I told my brother about it.