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PA R T V I
International Finance and Monetary Policy
Table 19-2 outlines all the factors that shift the demand curve for domestic assets
and thereby cause the exchange rate to change. Shifts in the demand curve occur
when one factor changes, holding everything else constant, including the current
exchange rate. Again, the theory of asset demand tells us that changes in the rel-
ative expected return on dollar assets are the source of shifts in the demand curve.
Let s review what happens when each of the seven factors in Table 19-2
changes. Remember that to understand which direction the demand curve shifts,
consider what happens to the relative expected return on dollar assets when the
factor changes. If the relative expected return rises, holding the current exchange
rate constant, the demand curve shifts to the right. If the relative expected return
falls, the demand curve shifts to the left.
1. When the interest rates on domestic assets
i
D
rise, the expected return on dol-
lar assets rises at each exchange rate and so the quantity demanded increases.
The demand curve therefore shifts to the right, and the equilibrium exchange
rate rises, as is shown in the first row of Table 19-2.
2. When the foreign interest rate
i
F
rises, the return on foreign assets rises, so the
relative expected return on dollar assets falls. The quantity demanded of dol-
lar assets then falls, the demand curve shifts to the left, and the exchange rate
declines, as in the second row of Table 19-2.
3. When the expected price level is higher, our analysis of the long-run determi-
nants of the exchange rate indicates that the value of the dollar will fall in the
future. The expected return on dollar assets thus falls, the quantity demanded
declines, the demand curve shifts to the left, and the exchange rate falls, as in
the third row of Table 19-2.
4. With higher expected trade barriers, the value of the dollar is higher in the long
run and the expected return on dollar assets is higher. The quantity demanded
of dollar assets thus rises, the demand curve shifts to the right, and the
exchange rate rises, as in the fourth row of Table 19-2.
5. When expected import demand rises, we expect the exchange rate to depreci-
ate in the long run, so the expected return on dollar assets falls. The quantity
demanded of dollar assets at each value of the current exchange rate therefore
falls, the demand curve shifts to the left, and the exchange rate declines, as in
the fifth row of Table 19-2.
6. When expected export demand rises, the opposite occurs because the
exchange rate is expected to appreciate in the long run. The expected return
on dollar assets rises, the demand curve shifts to the right, and the exchange
rate rises, as in the sixth row of Table 19-2.
7. With higher expected domestic productivity, the exchange rate is expected to
appreciate in the long run, so the expected return on domestic assets rises. The
quantity demanded at each exchange rate therefore rises, the demand curve
shifts to the right, and the exchange rate rises, as in the seventh row of Table
19-2.
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