Mishkin 2011. pdf



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1 THE ECONOMICS OF MONEYS BAMKING AND FINANCIAL MARKETS

Number

Share of

Share of

Assets

of Banks

Banks (%)

Assets Held (%)

Less than US$100 million

2882

40.3


1.9

US$100 million US$1 billion

3755

52.5


11.4

US$1 billion US$10 billion

425

6.0


12.8

More than US$10 billion

84

1.2


73.9

Total


7146

100.0


100.0

Source:

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile,

www2.fdic.gov/qbp/2008sep/cb4.html.



Does the large number of banks in the commercial banking industry in the

United States and the absence of a few dominant firms suggest that commercial

banking is more competitive than other industries? Advocates of restrictive state

branching regulations in the United States argued that regulations foster competi-

tion by keeping so many banks in business. But the existence of large numbers of

banks in the United States should be seen as an indication of a



lack

of competi-

tion,

not

the presence of vigorous competition. Inefficient banks were able to

remain in business because their customers could not find a conveniently located

branch of another bank.

An important feature of the U.S. banking industry is that competition can be

repressed by regulation but not completely quashed. As we saw earlier in the

chapter, the existence of restrictive regulation stimulates financial innovations that

get around these regulations in the banks search for profits. Regulations restrict-

ing branching have stimulated similar economic forces and have promoted the

development of two financial innovations: bank holding companies and auto-

mated teller machines.


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