and Financial Practices, with capital adequacy dominating the criteria, accounting
for 20% of the score.
Under the new system the premium rates for CDIC member institutions are
those shown in Table 10-2; they vary from 1 cent to 11 cents per $100. Group 1,
classified as best, is well-capitalized banks that significantly exceed minimum
requirements. On the other hand, banks in group 4, classified as worst, are sig-
nificantly (and perhaps critically) undercapitalized and the insurance premium that
they pay is 11 basis points, the maximum allowed under the CDIC Act. In addi-
tion, for group 4 banks, the CDIC is required to take prompt corrective actions
such as requiring them to submit a capital restoration plan, restrict their asset
growth, and seek regulatory approval to open new branches or develop new lines
of business. Today, over 90% of CDIC member institutions are classified in cate-
gories 1 and 2, but as in other countries, the premium category and related super-
visory information applicable to individual CDIC members are confidential.
Another interesting recent development is the Opting-Out By-law that came into
effect on October 15, 1999. This legislation permits Schedule III banks that accept
primarily wholesale deposits (defined as $150 000 or more) to opt out of CDIC
membership and therefore to operate without deposit insurance. The new legisla-
tion, however, includes provisions to protect depositors who hold deposits eligi-
ble for CDIC protection. In particular, it requires an opted-out bank to inform all
depositors, by posting notices in its branches, that their deposits will not be pro-
tected by the CDIC, and not to charge any early withdrawal penalties for deposi-
tors who choose to withdraw.
Probably the most important feature of the opting-out legislation is its mini-
mization of CDIC exposure to uninsured deposits. This represents a significant
departure from past practices, when the CDIC showed generosity to uninsured
depositors. For example, in the Canadian Commercial and Northland failures
of the mid-1980s, the CDIC paid 100 cents on the dollar to all depositors, both
insured and uninsured. By compensating only the insured depositors rather than
all depositors, the opting-out legislation increases the incentives of uninsured
depositors to monitor the risk-taking activities of banks, thereby reducing moral
hazard risk.
C H A P T E R 1 0
Economic Analysis of Financial Regulation
243
TA B L E 1 0 - 2
Premium Structure and Rates for CDIC Member
Institutions
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