Neytralizasiya bolimining issiqlik balansi.
17 - jadval
Kirish
|
Sarf
|
Korsatkichlar
|
KJ/soat
|
Korsatkichlar
|
kJ/soat
|
Ammiak
Nitrat kislota
Neytrallanish reaksiyasining umumiy issiqligi
|
778000
2349000
31550000
|
Ammoniy selitrasi eritmasi
SHarbat bugi
Atrof–muhitga yoqotilayotgan issiqlik
|
11500000
21700000
1677000
|
Jami
|
34677000
|
Jami
|
34677000
|
Nazorat topshiriqlari.
Misol. I.3. Ammoniyli selitra ishlab chiqarishning neytralizasiya bolimini moddiy va issiqlik balansini tuzing.
18 - jadval
T/R
|
Unum-dor- ligi
|
Nitrat
kislota kons-si
|
Ammiak
kons-si
|
Ammoniy nitrat eritmasi-ning
kons-si
|
Boshlan-gich harorat
|
Yoqotilish
|
№
|
G,ton-na
|
HNO3, S,%
|
NH3,
S,%
|
NH4NO3, S,%
|
HNO3,
tb, 0S
|
NH3,
tb, 0S
|
HNO3,%
|
NH3,
%
|
1
|
21
|
47
|
100
|
68
|
25
|
45
|
6,0
|
3,0
|
2
|
27
|
48
|
100
|
70
|
26
|
47
|
6,5
|
2,5
|
3
|
20
|
49
|
100
|
69
|
27
|
49
|
7,0
|
2,0
|
4
|
23
|
50
|
100
|
71
|
28
|
46
|
7,5
|
2,5
|
5
|
30
|
51
|
100
|
72
|
29
|
48
|
5,5
|
3,5
|
6
|
38
|
52
|
100
|
91
|
30
|
50
|
5,0
|
4,0
|
7
|
28
|
53
|
100
|
73
|
31
|
52
|
4,0
|
5,0
|
8
|
20
|
54
|
100
|
75
|
32
|
54
|
4,5
|
4,5
|
9
|
33
|
55
|
100
|
76
|
33
|
56
|
3,0
|
6,0
|
10
|
41
|
56
|
100
|
87
|
34
|
51
|
3,5
|
5,5
|
11
|
25
|
57
|
100
|
86
|
35
|
53
|
1,0
|
1,0
|
12
|
26,5
|
58
|
100
|
77
|
36
|
57
|
2,5
|
7,5
|
13
|
35
|
59
|
100
|
79
|
37
|
58
|
2,0
|
1,0
|
14
|
45
|
60
|
100
|
81
|
38
|
60
|
7,5
|
2,5
|
15
|
48
|
53
|
100
|
78
|
39
|
62
|
1,0
|
1,0
|
16
|
25
|
52
|
100
|
80
|
40
|
64
|
3,5
|
1,5
|
17
|
51
|
47
|
100
|
82
|
41
|
59
|
5,0
|
2,0
|
18
|
43
|
48
|
100
|
84
|
42
|
61
|
7,0
|
2,0
|
19
|
53
|
51
|
100
|
83
|
43
|
63
|
8,0
|
1,0
|
20
|
58
|
50
|
100
|
85
|
44
|
65
|
3,0
|
2,0
|
21
|
24,7
|
49
|
100
|
75
|
45
|
67
|
5,5
|
2,5
|
22
|
22
|
54
|
100
|
88
|
46
|
69
|
6,5
|
1,5
|
23
|
29
|
60
|
100
|
78
|
47
|
66
|
9,0
|
3,0
|
24
|
21
|
55
|
100
|
89
|
48
|
68
|
7,5
|
3,5
|
25
|
24
|
59
|
100
|
90
|
49
|
70
|
7,0
|
4,0
|
26
|
26
|
56
|
100
|
92
|
50
|
72
|
7,5
|
3,5
|
27
|
27
|
58
|
100
|
74
|
51
|
74
|
5,5
|
2,5
|
28
|
29
|
57
|
100
|
93
|
52
|
71
|
6,5
|
2,5
|
29
|
31
|
46
|
100
|
70
|
53
|
73
|
4,0
|
1,0
|
30
|
37
|
58
|
100
|
68
|
54
|
75
|
4,5
|
1,5
|
Eslatma: Jarayonning issiqlik balansini tuzishda moddiy balans (13 - jadval) dan foydalaning!
Buglatish bolimining moddiy hisobi
Dastlabki ma’lumotlar:
Buglanishga kirayotgan eritma miqdori, (kg/soat). . . . . . .. . . . . . . 26667
SHundan:
Ammoniyli selitra miqdori. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 24000
Suv miqdori. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . .2667
Buglatishga kirayotgan eritma konsentrasiyasi, (%). . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .90
Qurilmadan chiqayotgan eritma konsentrasiyasi, (%). . . . . . . . . . . . 99,7
Buglatishga kirayotgan eritma harorati, (oS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 100
CHiqib ketayotgan eritma miqdori, kg/soat:
24000 · 100/99,7 = 24072
CHiqib ketayotgan eritma tarkibidagi suvning miqdori, kg/soat:
24072 24000 = 72
Buglangan suv miqdori, kg/soat:
2667 72 = 2595
Buglatish bolimining moddiy balansi
19 - jadval
Kirish
|
Sarf
|
Korsatkichlar
|
kg/soat
| Korsatkichlar |
kg/soat
|
Ammoniyli selitra (90 %) li eritmasi
SHundan:
Ammoniyli selitra
Suv
|
26667
24000
2667
|
Ammoniyli selitra
(99,7 %) eritmasi
SHarbat bugi
|
24072
2595
|
Jami:
|
26667
|
Jami:
|
26667
|
Buglatish bolimining issiqlik hisobi
Dastlabki ma’lumotlar:
Buglanishga kirayotgan eritma miqdori, (kg/soat). . . . . . . . .. . . . .26667
Buglatishga kirayotgan eritma konsentrasiyasi, (%). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
Qurilmadan chiqayotgan eritma konsentrasiyasi, (%). . . . . . . . . . . . .. 99,7
Buglatishga kirayotgan eritma harorati, (oS). . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . .. 100
Apparatning absolyut bosimi, (n/m2). . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . 0, 213 ·105
Qizdiruvchi agent sharbat bug’ining bosimi, (MPa). . . . . . . . . .1,2
Eritmaning qaynash haroratini aniqlash.
90% li ammoniyli selitra eritmasining Rabs = 0,213 · 105 n/m2 bosim ostidagi qaynash harorati quyidagi formula orqali topiladi:
tqay. = tto’y.bug’ + Δt η
bu erda tto’y.bug’ - to’yingan suv bug’i harorati Rabs = 0,213 · 105 n/m2 bosimda 61oS; Δt – harorat depressiyasi (Rabs.= 101325 · 105 n/m2 bosimdagi 84% li ammoniyli selitra eritmasining qaynash haroratidan suvning qaynash haroratining ayrimasiga teng, masalan, 134 – 100 = 34 grad); η – harorat depressiya koeffisienti, 61 oS da 0,763 ga teng.
tkay. = 61+34·0,763=86oS
Issiqlikning kelishi.
Ammoniyli selitra eritmasi bilan kelayotgan eritma miqdori, kJ/soat:
26667 · 100 · 2,560 = 9600000
bu erda 100 – ammoniyli selitra eritmasining harorati, oS; 2,560 90% li ammoniyli selitra eritmasining issiqlik sigimi, kJ/kg· grad.
Eritmani isitish uchun toyingan bug bilan kelayotgan issiqlikni X kJ/soat deb belgilab olamiz. Bunda umumiy issiqlikning kelishi quyidagicha:
9600000 + X kJ/soat
Issiqlik sarfi
Ammoniyli selitra eritmasining buglatishga sarf bolgan issiqlik miqdori, kJ/soat:
24072 · 86 · 2,01 = 4940000
bu erda 86 eritmaning qayrash harorati, oS;
2,18 - 90% li ammoniyli selitra eritmasining issiqlik sigimi, kJ/kg · grad.
Buglatish qurilmasidan sharbat bugi bilan chiqib ketayotgan issiqlik miqdori, kJ/soat:
2595 · 2613 = 23330000
bu erda 2613 - Rabs. = 0,213 ·105 n/m2 bosimdagi toyingan bug entalpiyasi.
Jarayon paytida atrof muhitga yoqotilayotgan issiqlik miqdorini 400000 kJ/soat deb qabul qilamiz.
Umumiy issiqlik sarfi, kJ/soat:
4940000 + 23330000 + 400000 = 28670000
Suv bugi bilan kelayotgan issiqlik miqdori, kJ/soat:
28670000 - 9600000 = 19070000
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