697
protective forces, means of healing, tools of sorcery, sources of danger.
The content of
the concepts of "Fire" and "Water" is especially clearly
encoded in proverbs and
sayings, in which we find frozen understanding of a particular concept that has
developed over a long time and changed depending on the place, time and conditions
of manifestations of conceptual entities in the life of the people. Fire and water, both
being natural phenomena, demonstrate similarities in logems: 1) natural element, polar
force; 2) test; 3) life - death; 4) emotional-sensual world; 5) criticism; 6) wealth. The
individual signs of the concept "Fire" are "kind, heritage", identified in English
linguistic
pictures of the world, as well as "rebirth", "purposefulness", "gift", "sin",
noted in English. Thus, the concepts "Fire" and "Water", on the one hand, are mutually
exclusive concepts; on the other hand, they are considered as semantically conjugated
spaces of a binary nature. In addition, each of the concepts itself represents a binary
whole, embodying a whole range of interrelated oppositions: creation and destruction,
good and evil, life and death,
positive and negative emotions, development and
stagnation - "Fire" in both concept spheres with some advantage of negative, and
"Water" - positive characteristics.
The national and cultural specificity of universal
concepts in the compared
languages is due to various intra- and extra linguistic factors (culturological, historical,
religious, etc.), it is established in the different attitudes of peoples towards the same
phenomena and the partial mismatch of the cognitive prototypes of the concepts under
study.
The specificity of the binary concepts "Fire" and "Water" lies in the presence of
common, opposite and individual characteristics that are realized both in the naive
consciousness of people and in the language material.
Reference:
1.
Maslova, V.A. Linguoculturology [Text]: textbook. allowance for students.
higher textbook institutions / V.A. Maslova. - 4th ed., erased. - M.: Publishing
Center "Academy", 2010. - 208 p.
698
2.
Alefirenko N.F. Problems of concept verbalization: Theoretical study /
N.F.Alefirenko. Volgograd: Change, 2003. - 248 p.
3.
Alefirenko N.F. Theory of language. Introductory course: textbook.
allowance for students. philol. specialist. higher textbook institutions / N.F.
Alefirenko. M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2004. - 368 p.
4.
Amosova N.N. Fundamentals of English phraseology / N.N. Amosova. - JL:
Leningrad University Press, 1963. 207 p.
5.
Boldyrev N.N. Cognitive semantics / N.N. Boldyrev. - Tambov: Tambov
Publishing House. un-ta, 2000. 123 p.
6.
Bochina T.G. Contrast as a linguo-cognitive principle of a Russian proverb:
author. dis. .Dr. Philol. Sciences: 10.02.01. Kazan, 2003. -50 p.
7.
Saussure F. A course in general linguistics / Ferdinand de Saussure. -
Yekaterinburg: Publishing house Ural, un-ta, 1999. 425 p.
8.
Langacker R.W. Concept, Image and Symbol:
The Cognitive Basis of
Grammar / R.W.Langacker. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1991.
9.
Karasik, V.I. Language circle: personality, concepts, discourse [Text]:
monograph / V.I. Karasik. - M.: Gnosis, 2004. - 390 p.
10.
Gorodetskaya, L.A. Linguistic and cultural competence of the individual as a
cultural problem [Text]: author. dis. ... Doctor of Cultural Studies / L.A.
Gorodetskaya. - M., 2007. - 48 p.