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Key words
: Spread of culture, translation method, free translation, literal
translation.
Tilshunoslikdagi zamonaviy yo
‘
nalishlar: muammo va yechimlar
43
The term “culture” originally referred to the cultivation of the soul or mind
；
Culture is the sum of the lifestyles established by a group and passed down from
generation to generation. Culture is a complex whole, including knowledge, beliefs,
art, laws, morals, customs, and many other abilities and habits acquired by humans
as members of society.
Culture plays an important role in communication. Communication will be
successful only if the interlocutors reach an understanding in the context of a wide
range of cultural definitions. Without such a background, communication cannot
achieve its purpose. Due to lack of understanding of different cultures,
misunderstandings and strange examples can arise.
（
All example sentences in this
article are selected from Abdulla Kadiri's novel
《
The days gone by
》
.
）
Abdullah Kadiri's novel
《
The days gone by
》
is one of the rich cultural
heritage of the Uzbek people. It not only reflects the national traditions of the Uzbek
people, but also describes the suffering and injustice experienced by the people at
that time. Reading the Chinese translation of this novel carefully, we can see the
extensive use of typical vocabulary of several Uzbek nationalities. Such as
：
Original text
：
қўрбоши
Russian Translation: курбаши
Chinese Translation:
库尔巴什；
Original text: понсад
Russian Translation: пансад
Chinese Translation:
班萨德
.
Translating these words into another language will bring some difficulties. In
translation, these words with cultural characteristics are usually defined as
"untranslatable". When translating cultural texts, this problem becomes more
complicated because the characteristics of plain text may be combined with cultural
characteristics. From the perspective of culture, cultural text is a very unique
phenomenon, because it describes reality, which is a very special reality, because it
is created by the author, who puts some "keys" in the whole text. These "keys"
represent markers that connect the textual world with a specific culture. If the world
of the source language text belongs to a culture unknown to the reader, a cultural
distance is established between him and this world
：
Readers accept information
from the text world and cannot connect with their own world. Everyone understands
that other ethnic groups may have different lifestyles and cultures, and their
characteristics are expressed as cultural markers in the text. When we talk about
Tilshunoslikdagi zamonaviy yo
‘
nalishlar: muammo va yechimlar
44
cultural factors related to translation, we usually refer to concepts, phenomena, or
events outside of language that occur in another language and cultural society. The
understanding of cultural elements often occurs indirectly, that is to say, the reader
understands through the translation of the text. In terms of translation, neither the
author of the original text nor the reader of the translation can verify how much the
cultural elements presented in the translation correspond to the true state of things,
because they are all on different sides of language and cultural barriers. In this case,
all responsibility falls on the translator, who is an expert in both cultures. On the one
hand, the translator must retain the author's cultural mark. On the other hand,
translators must help readers understand, so they often adjust cultural markers.
Therefore, the translation of language and culture is carried out through different
degrees of adaptation in the translation process. The translated cultural markers may
be weak, strong, or non-existent. In this regard, the problem faced by translators is:
how to deal with cultural factors in content conversion
：
Retain the customs of the
original culture, or replace cultural customs with cultural customs. Whether the
cultural norms of the source language or the target language or a combination of the
two must be considered depends on the translator's decision.
Due to the importance of human communication in the world, it is a valuable
issue to study language, culture, translation and their relationship. The diversity of
languages of different cultures and the necessity of communication in human life
make translation a very effective factor in communication, culture and knowledge.
Therefore, language and culture seem to be closely related, and both must be
considered in the translation process.
Language is an important indicator that reflects cultural differences and
changes. Language is the core of culture, and culture is the symbolic system that
guides people's behavior. To study and understand a culture is to describe and
explain this set of symbol system, and gradually excavate the cultural experience and
values reflected in the language content. In this way, language has become an
important source of materials for cultural research.
1
Main translation methods in cultural translation
Translation is always the specific behavior and results of a specific era, and
translation research cannot be separated from this reality. The methods and
techniques of translation are inseparable from the characteristics of the two specific
languages. In the process of foreign translation into Chinese, we should be based on
the needs of the nation and the needs of the times. We should learn from foreign
1
王珍，新疆广播
电视大学学报
，
[J].
从
维
吾
尔
谚语看其文化内涵
, 2004.04.22: 50
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