Магистерская диссертация

The relevance of the study lies in the prevalence of the phenomenon under consideration - a difficult life situation (DLS). The range of problems faced by the world community is quite wide and varied. Now, for example, in the foreground is the situation of a global nature - the coronavirus pandemic ( COVID -19), announced by the World Health Organization on March 12, 2020 [WHO, 2020] and affecting many aspects of life. First of all, these are issues directly related to the state of public health. So, for example, according to a VTsIOM survey conducted on April 16, 2020 [RBC, 2020], 22% of Russians are very afraid that they may become infected with COVID -19, another 55% are afraid of this to some extent. Also acute are the socio-economic consequences of the current quarantine measures. As of April 23, 2020, the US unemployment rate reached 20.6%, the highest since 1934 [Izvestia, 2020]. In Moscow, 12% of residents were left without work, and 32% temporarily suspended their labor activity [Interfax, 2020]. All these trends are exacerbated by the difficulty of predicting the development of the situation, which leads to uncertainty and uncertainty. At the same time, it can be observed that everyone - states, governments, enterprises, individual people - cope with such situations in different ways: someone goes through life's vicissitudes more efficiently and extracts valuable experience from them, while others do not adapt to new circumstances.
The process of a person's choice of ways to resolve difficult life situations within the framework of personality psychology has been studied since the middle of the 20th century. Over the past time, this problem has been considered by both foreign and domestic psychologists in various approaches.
psychoanalytic approach (J. Vaillant, T. Crowber, N. McWilliams, N. Haan) highlights the mechanisms of protection and coping as ways of responding in TJS, aimed at eliminating internal tension.
The situational approach , the foundations of which were laid in the works of R. Lazarus and S. Folkman, introduces the concept of coping as a way of coping with DLS and links the choice of certain behavioral strategies with a specific situation and its cognitive assessment by the person himself.
The process approach ( N. Eisenberg , S. Eisenbud , R. A. Fabes ) classifies coping behavior strategies based on three types of processes: emotional, behavioral, and cognitive .¹
existential approach, represented by A. Lenglet, suggests that the basis of unconscious coping reactions is the absence or presence of the possibility of realizing the main, fundamental motivations (FM) and, on the basis of this, distinguishes four types of such reactions: aggression, avoidance or withdrawal, imaginary death reflex and activism.
The integrative approach ( E. Frydenberg , R. Lewis , R. H. Moos ) in the study of coping behavior considers both the personal characteristics of a person and the situational context .