T h e SPE's M e a n i n g and Messages
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Some rules are essential for the effective coordination of social behavior,
such as audiences listening while performers speak, drivers stopping at red traffic
lights, and people not cutting into queues. However, many rules are merely
screens for dominance by those who make them or those charged with enforcing
them. Naturally, the last rule, as with the SPE rules, always includes punishment
for violation of the other rules. Therefore, there must be someone or some agency
willing and able to administer such punishment, ideally doing so in a public arena
that can serve to deter other potential rule breakers. The comedian Lenny Bruce
had a funny routine describing the development of rules to govern who could and
could not throw shit over fences onto a neighbor's property. He described the crea-
tion of police as guardians of the "no-shit-in-my-backyard" rule. The rules and
their enforcers are inherent in situational power. However, it is the System that
hires the police and creates the prisons for convicted rule breakers.
W h e n Roles B e c o m e Real
Once you put a uniform on, and are given a role, I mean, a job,
saying "your job is to keep these people in line," then you're
certainly not the same person if you're in street clothes and in a
different role. You really become that person once you put on
the khaki uniform, you put on the glasses, you take the
nightstick, and you act the part. That's your costume and you
have to act accordingly when you put it on.
—Guard Hellmann
When actors enact a fictional character, they often have to take on roles that are
dissimilar to their sense of personal identity. They learn to talk, walk, eat, and
even to think and to feel as demanded by the role they are performing. Their pro-
fessional training enables them to maintain the separation of character and iden-
tity, to keep self in the background while playing a role that might be dramatically
different from who they really are. However, there are times when even for some
trained professionals those boundaries blur and the role takes over even after the
curtain comes down or the camera's red light goes off. They become absorbed in
the intensity of the role and their intensity spills over to direct their offstage life.
The play's audience ceases to matter because the role is now within the actor's
mind.
A fascinating example of this effect of a dramatic role becoming a "tad too
real" comes from the British television series The Edwardian Country House. Nine-
teen people, chosen from some eight thousand applicants, lived the lives of British
servants working on a posh country estate in this "reality television" drama. Al-
though the person chosen to play the head butler in charge of the staff expected
to follow the period's rigidly hierarchical standards of behavior, he was "fright-
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