The Lucifer Effect
report any signs of changed medical status as a consequence of the inter-
view procedure. Similarly, a military attorney must review all procedures,
along with other layers of regular supervision built into the system.
Although it was not part of these official procedures, Larry James encour-
aged the MPs to watch Quiet Rage: The Stanford Prison Experiment and discuss its
message about abuse of power as it might relate to their new role of being a guard
within that prison setting.
Would he have been able to install such strong oversight procedures before
the revelation of the abuses? It's hard to say, but I think it is unlikely that anyone
would have even thought to create this mission. Had this set of procedures been
in place, is it less likely the abuses would have occurred? That seems certainly to
be so because such conditions would have eliminated the confusion and the diffu-
sion of responsibility, while also making it apparent that everyone's behavior was
under surveillance. (Of course, that also extends to what should have been hap-
pening at the SPE.)
It's good that many seemingly effective practices are in place, but have they
made a difference? James's answer was "My dependent variable is there have been
no abuses since these rules have been put in place [as of November 2 0 0 5 ] . "
Since then, the Pentagon has decided to shut down the prison at Abu Ghraib,
releasing some of its detainees and transferring others to Camp Cropper, near the
Baghdad airport. Britain's top legal adviser has recently called for the United
States to close the prison at Guantanamo Bay (which over the years has held a
total of 7 5 9 prisoners, according to the Department of Defense).
9 8
He believes
that this detention center has become an international symbol of injustice. Attor-
ney General Peter Goldsmith said that the reliance of that camp on military tri-
bunals does not meet the British commitment to the principle of "a fair trial in
accordance with international standards."
9 9
Spain's most prominent investiga-
tive magistrate, Baltasar Garzôn, also called on the United States to shut down
this prison, as "an insult to countries that respect laws." He says Spain learned
the lesson from the evils of the Inquisition that "torture and degradation do not
work as investigative t e c h n i q u e s . "
1 0 0
Colonel Larry James was awarded the Bronze Star for this special military
service. It is a great pleasure for me to be able to end this chapter celebrating this
singular accomplishment of my colleague and friend. I wish that he had been em-
powered to do so a few years earlier.
L E T T H E S U N S H I N E I N
Well, we've made it to the end of our long journey together. I appreciate your stay-
ing power to continue on despite these confrontations with some of what is worse
in human nature. It has been especially difficult for me to revisit the scenes of
abuse in the Stanford Prison Experiment. It has also been tough to face up to my
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