Bog'liq The Lucifer Effect Understanding How Good People Turn Evil ( PDFDrive )
The Lucifer Effect There were other abuses not photographed during interrogation ses-
sions and abuses during interrogation sessions elsewhere than Abu
Ghraib.
Still, the abuses were not just the failure of some individuals to follow
known standards. And they are more than the failure of a few leaders to
enforce proper discipline. There is both institutional and personal responsibil- ity at higher levels. [Italics added for emphasis.]
At the tactical level, we concur with the Jones/Fay investigations con-
clusion that military intelligence personnel share responsibility for the
abuses at Abu Ghraib.
The unclear command structure at Abu Ghraib was further exacer-
bated by the confused relationships up the chain.
The unclear chain of command established by CJTF-7 combined with
the poor leadership and lack of supervision contributed to the atmosphere
at Abu Ghraib that allowed the abuses to take place.
At the leadership level there was friction and a lack of communica-
tion between the 8 0 0 t h MP Brigade and the 2 0 5 t h MI Brigade through the
summer and fall of 2 0 0 3 . . . . There was a lack of discipline and standards
of behavior were not established or enforced. A lax and dysfunctional
command climate took hold.
There were serious lapses of leadership in both units from junior non-
commissioned officers to battalion and brigade levels. The commanders at
both brigades knew, or should have known, abuses were taking place and
taken measures to prevent them.
By not communicating standards, policies, and plans to soldiers, their
leaders conveyed a tacit approval of abusive behaviors toward prisoners.
Weak and ineffectual leadership of the Commanding General of the
8 0 0 t h MP Brigade, and the Commanding Officer of the 2 0 5 MI Brigade,
allowed the abuses at Abu Ghraib.
We concur with the Jones finding that LTG Sanchez and MG Woj-
dakowski failed to insure proper staff oversight of detention and interro-
gation operations.
The Independent Panel finds BG Karpinski's leadership failures
helped set the conditions at the prison which led to the abuses.
Cover-up of the Abuse Photos The Schlesinger Panel also mentions in passing how the military responded to
the revelation of abuse and torture in the "trophy photos." Interestingly, the
committee uses language that takes all the officials off the hook for negligence
and malfeasance. There was an attempt at a cover-up by downplaying the
meaning and significance of this damning photographic evidence of torture and
abuse: