Putting the System on Trial
383
This MI-MP tension dated back to the Afghanistan War, during which MPs
worked with MIs to "set favorable conditions for subsequent interviews," a
euphemism for breaking the will of prisoners. Ryder called for the establishment
of procedures "to define the role of military police soldiers . . . clearly separating
the actions of the guards from those of the military intelligence personnel." His
report should have put on notice all those in charge of the military's prison
systems.
Despite this valuable contribution, "Ryder undercut his warning," according
to the journalist Seymour Hersh, "by concluding that the situation had not yet
reached a crisis point. Though some procedures were flawed, he said, he found 'no
military police units purposely applying inappropriate confinement practices.' "
Remember that this report appeared at the height of the most flagrant abuses
going on in Tier 1A during the fall of 2 0 0 3 but before Specialist Joe Darby's ex-
posé (January 1 3 , 2 0 0 4 ) . Hersh's New Yorker magazine article (May 5, 2 0 0 4 ) ,
which broke open the scandal, concluded about the Ryder report that "His inves-
tigation was at best a failure and at worst a coverup."
5
The Taguba Report Is Thorough and Tough
6
Once the notorious photos surfaced among military higher-ups and the criminal
investigating team in January 2 0 0 4 , General Sanchez was forced to move beyond
Ryder's whitewash job. He assigned Major General Antonio M. Taguba to do a
fuller investigation into allegations of detainee abuse, undocumented prisoner es-
capes, and widespread failures in discipline and accountability. Taguba did an ad-
mirable job in a detailed, extensive investigation that was published in March
2 0 0 4 . Although it was intended to remain classified because it made direct accu-
sations of officer dereliction of duty, leveled other strong charges against fellow
officers, and contained as evidence some of "The Photos," it was too juicy not to
be leaked to the media (probably for big bucks).
The Taguba Report was leaked to The New Yorker, where its main findings and
the photos were published in Hersh's story, but this occurred only after the photos
were also leaked to the producers of 60 Minutes II and shown in its April 2 8 , 2 0 0 4 ,
broadcast. (You will recall that this was what started me on this adventure.)
Taguba wasted no time in refuting his fellow general's report. "Unfortu-
nately, many of the systemic problems that surfaced during [Ryder's] assessment
are the very same issues that are the subject of this investigation," he wrote. (Ital-
ics added for emphasis.) "In fact, many of the abuses suffered by detainees oc-
curred during, or near to, the time of that assessment." The report continued.
"Contrary to the findings of MG [Major General] Ryder's report, I find that person-
nel assigned to the 3 7 2 n d MP Company, 8 0 0 t h MP Brigade were directed to
change facility procedures to 'set the conditions' for MI interrogations." His re-
port made it clear that Army intelligence officers. CIA agents, private contractors,
and OGAs [other government agencies] "actively requested that MP guards set
physical and mental conditions for favorable interrogation of witnesses."
384
The Lucifer Effect
In support of this assertion, Taguba cited sworn statements from several
guards about the complicity of the military intelligence personnel and of the in-
terrogators.
SPC [Specialist] Sabrina Harman, 3 7 2 n d MP Company, stated in her
sworn statement regarding the incident where a detainee was placed on a
box with wires attached to his fingers, toes, and penis, "that her job was to
keep detainees awake." She said that MI was talking to CPL [Corporal]
Grainer [sic]. She stated, "MI wanted to get them to talk. It is Grainer
[sic] and Frederick's job to do things for MI and OGA to get these people to
talk."
Taguba presented testimony from Sergeant Javal Davis about what he ob-
served regarding the influence of military intelligence and OGAs on the MP
guards:
"I witnessed prisoners in the MI hold section, wing 1A, being made to do
various things that I would question morally. In Wing 1A we were told
that they had different rules and different SOP [standard operating proce-
dures] for treatment. I never saw a set of rules or SOP for that section just
word of mouth. The Soldier in charge of 1A was Corporal Granier [sic]. He
stated that the Agents and MI Soldiers would ask him to do things, but
nothing was ever in writing he would complain [sic]." When asked why
the rules in 1A/1F3 were different than those in the rest of the wings,
Sergeant Davis stated: "The rest of the wings are regular prisoners and
1A/B are Military Intelligence (MI) holds." When asked why he did not in-
form his chain of command about this abuse, Sergeant Davis stated: "Be-
cause I assumed that if they were doing things out of the ordinary or
outside the guidelines, someone would have said something. [Observe the
evil of inaction at work again.] Also the wing belongs to MI and it ap-
peared MI personnel approved of the abuse." Sergeant Davis also stated
that he had heard MI insinuate to the guards to abuse the inmates. When
asked what MI said he stated: "Loosen this guy up for us." "Make sure he
has a bad night." "Make sure he gets the treatment." He claimed these
comments were made to CPL Granier [sic] and SGT Frederick. Finally, SGT
Davis stated that [sic] "the MI staffs to my understanding have been giving
Granier [sic] compliments on the way he has been handling the MI holds.
Examples being statements like. 'Good job, they're breaking down real
fast. They answer every question. They're giving out good information, Fi-
nally,' and Keep up the good work. Stuff like that."
Reminiscent of my SPE guards' taking away the prisoners' mattresses,
sheets, clothes, and pillows for rule violations is the statement made to Taguba by
Specialist Jason Kennel, 3 72nd MP Company:
Putting the System on Trial 38
"I saw them nude, but MI would tell us to take away their mattresses,
sheets, and clothes." He could not recall who in MI had instructed him to
do this, but commented that, "if they wanted me to do that they needed to
give me paperwork." He was later informed that "We could not do any-
thing to embarrass the prisoners."
This is just one example of the continuous inconsistencies between the reality
of the abusive situation and the unofficial encouragement of the MPs to abuse de-
tainees by MIs and other agents on that tier. As they gave orders for abuse spoken
from one side of the mouth, the official public statement from the other side of the
mouth insisted that "We do not condone prisoner abuse or anything but their hu-
mane treatment." Such an approach created the case for plausible deniability
later on.
Also of passing interest in establishing parallels with the SPE is the Taguba
Report's emphasis on the need for uniformity in the "counts." Recall the central
role that the "counts" came to play as occasions for abuse of our SPE prisoners.
"There is a lack of standardization in the way the 3 2 0 t h MP Battalion conducted
physical counts of their detainees." The report goes on to complain of the lack of
count standardization:
Each compound within a given encampment did their headcounts differ-
ently. Some compounds had detainees line up in lines of 1 0 , some had
them sit in rows, and some moved all the detainees to one end of the com-
pound and counted them as they passed to the other end of the com-
pound.
The Taguba Report specifies that top military leaders who were made aware
of extreme detainee abuse had recommended court martial, but they never fol-
lowed through. Their inaction, given their awareness of the abuses, thereby
strengthened the impression that there would be no payback for abusing
prisoners:
Another obvious example of the Brigade Leadership not communicating
with its Soldiers or ensuring their tactical proficiency concerns the inci-
dent of detainee abuse that occurred at Camp Bucca, Iraq, on May 1 2 ,
2 0 0 3 . . . . An extensive CID [Criminal Investigative Division] investiga-
tion determined that four soldiers from the 3 2 0 t h MP Battalion had kicked
and beaten these detainees following a transport mission from Talil Air
B a s e . . . .
Formal charges under the UCMJ were preferred against these Soldiers
and an Article-32 Investigation conducted by LTC [Lieutenant Colonel]
Gentry. He recommended a general court martial for the four accused,
which BG [Brigadier General] Karpinski supported. Despite this docu-
mented abuse, there is no evidence that BG Karpinski ever attempted to re-
386
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