Bog'liq The Lucifer Effect Understanding How Good People Turn Evil ( PDFDrive )
The Lucifer Effect reporter in the current chapter to that of prosecutor in the next. I will charge se-
lected members of the military chain of command with misusing their authority
to make torture operational at Guantânamo Bay Prison and then exporting those
tactics to Abu Ghraib. They gave permission to the Military Police and military in-
telligence to employ these torture tactics—under sanitized terms—and failed to
provide the leadership, oversight, accountability, and mission-specific training
necessary for the MPs on the night shift on Tier 1 A. I will argue that they are thus
guilty of sins of both commission and omission.
In putting the System on hypothetical trial, we end by putting President Bush
and his advisers in the dock for their role in redefining torture as an acceptable,
necessary tactic in their ubiquitous and nebulous war on terror. They are also
charged with exempting captured insurgents and all "foreigners" under military
arrest from the safeguards provided by the Geneva Conventions. Secretary of De-
fense Rumsfeld is charged with creating the interrogation centers where "de-
tainees" were subjected to a host of extremely coercive "abuses" for the dubious
purpose of eliciting confessions and information. He is probably also responsible
for other violations of American moral standards, such as "outsourcing the tor-
ture" of high-value detainees to foreign countries in the government's "extraordi-
nary rendition" program.
I intend to show that the System, from Bush to Cheney to Rumsfeld and down
the hierarchy of command, laid the foundation for these abuses. If so, then we, as
a democratic society, have much to do to ensure that future abuses are prevented
by insisting that the System modify the structural features and operational poli-
cies of its interrogation centers.
We will end the next chapter on an upbeat note because in fact, a plan was
put into place at Abu Ghraib to better train MPs, MI personnel, and interrogators
in the exercise of their power. My psychologist colleague Colonel Larry James was
sent to that prison recently (May 2 0 0 4 ) to install a new set of operational proce-
dures intended to deter the kind of violence we have examined in this chapter. Of
special interest is the provision that all MPs and other relevant personnel view the
DVD of the Stanford Prison Experiment as part of their training. How that came
about and what effects it is having will be part of the good news to come out of
this bad-news place.
That positive outlook will then carry us into the final chapter. There, I will try
to balance some of the negativity with which we have been dealing in our long
journey by offering two encouraging perspectives on learning ways to resist un-
wanted influences and on celebrating heroes and heroism.
Finally, I recognize that it may seem a stretch to some readers that I empha-
size parallels between our little Stanford experiment in a simulated prison and the
dangerous realities of a combat zone prison. It is not the physical dissimilarities
that matter but the basic psychological dynamics that are comparable in b o t h .
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I
would point out further that several independent investigators have made such
comparisons, as in the Schlesinger report (quoted at the start of this chapter) and