Lesson 1 Grammar

Step 2. Matn bilan ishlash.
Yangi so‘zlar:
environment muhit
to share bo‘linmoq
to allocate joylashtirmoq, tarqatmoq
in turn o‘z navbatida
record yozish
locking bloklash
reservation bronlash
booking buyurtma
accommodation joy
warehouse stocks ombor zahiralari
priority birinchilik
batch processing paketli qayta ishlash
backing storage tashqi eslab qoluvchi moslama
to boot ilk vazifani oshirish
to reside turmoq
to exceed oshirmoq


Exercise 2. So‘z birikmalarni tarjima qiling.
Ish dasturining bajarilishi
Maxsus operasion tizimning nazoratida
Buni ko‘pdasturlash deyiladi
Dasturlar o‘rtasidagi o‘tkazish
Ko‘p foydalanuvchilar muhitida
Bo‘lingan kirish asosida
Bloklashtirish va blokni ochish, yozish tizimi uchun
Ayrim foydalanuvchilar parallel ishlayapti
Paket operasiyalar ishlash chiqarishini bo‘lib turadi
Vaqt tugab qolgan holda paket ishlab tayyorlashning holati
Ichki xotiraning qamrovini oshirishi mumkin


Exercise 3. Matnni o‘qing va tarjima qiling.


General features of operating system.

An operating system is a master control program which controls the functions of the computer system as a whole and the running of application programs. All computers do not use the same operating systems. It is therefore important to access the operating used on a particular model because some software is only designed to run under the control of specific operating systems.

Mainframe computers usually process several application programs concurrently, switching from one to the other, for the purpose of increasing processing activity. This is known as multiprogramming , which requires a powerful operating system to control the switching between programs.
In multi-user environments an operating system must control terminal operations on a shared access basis as only one user can access the system at any moment of time. The operating system allocates control to each terminal in turn. Such systems also require a system for record locking and unlocking, to prevent one user to read a record of another user, for instance.
Some environments operate in concurrent batch and real-time mode such as airline seat operations, on-line booking of hotel accommodation, or control of warehouse stocks, etc. The real-time operations have priority. The operating system interrupts batch processing operations to deal with real-time enquiries or file updates. The stage of batch processing is temporarily transferred to backing storage. After the real-time operation has been finished, the interrupt program is transferred back to internal memory from backing storage, and processes from a ‘restart’ point.
An operating system is stored on disk and has to be booted into the internal memory (RAM) where it must be reside. The operating system commands may exceed the internal memory capacity of the computer. Many microcomputers function under the control of a disk operating system known as DOS.


Exercise 4. Operasion tizimlarni bajarish uchun ro‘yxat. Har bir xodisada asosiy fe’llar tashlab ketilgan. Ba’zan ikkita va undan ortiq fe’llarni qo‘yish mumkin..