Контрольное задание №1

ВАРИАНТ 3
I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should, would.
1. A radio engineer should know the principles of TV and radar equipment operation.
2. They would solve this problem earlier, if they applied a digital computer.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, принимая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют чаще всего придаточным предложениям.

1. 
   То separate a compound into its elements, chemical means must be used.
   
2. 
   Radioisotopes are composed of atoms of different mass, all carrying1 the same charge and hence chemically identical.
   
3. 
   The problem to be solved is of great importance for our industry.
   
4. 
   Haying released the energy in the form of radiation, man learned to use it for detecting various defects in metals.
   

III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.
1. Isotopes occur either naturally or they can be manufactured artificially.
2. The labour productivity has greatly increased, for the workers applied the new technology.
3. Through television we can see as well as hear programmes and events even if they take place many kilometres away.
4. Until recently metals were the only materials used in these instruments.
IV. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 3 и 4-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту
in the path of the protons — на пути действия протонов
to throw off—выбрасывать
mention should be made — следует упомянуть
ISOTOPE PRODUCTION

1. 
   About 1907 scientists discovered that two samples of an element which behaved exactly alike chemically, differed in their physical structures. Scientists called such chemically alike - but physically unlike - substances "isotopes". Thus, isotope is the name given to a substance which - although it differs physically from another substance - takes the same place along with the other substances in the chemical table of elements.
   
2. 
   The great majority of isotopes found in nature do not emit radiation and are called stable isotopes. Stable isotopes occur in nature mixed with other isotopes of the same element. The separation of isotopes from one another when they are mixed is a necessary part of the production of both stable isotopes and radio isotopes. The machine which does this is electromagnetic separator but the machine is large, expensive and consumes a lot of electricity.
   
3. 
   Since 1931 scientists have been designing more and more powerful apparatus for speeding up electrically charged particles. These machines are known to give the possibility for producing isotopes as well. Perhaps the best known of these machines is the cyclotron. In the cyclotron the element is placed as a target in the path of the protons leaving the cyclotron at high speed. However the cyclotron is a very expensive machine since it consumes a lot of electricity, and requires a lot of time to produce required quantities of the new isotopes.
   
4. 
   We know most radioisotopes to be made today in nuclear reactors by bombarding stable, nonradioactive isotopes with neutrons. After bombardment the nuclei of stable atoms acquire additional particles and become unstable. These unstable nuclei try to become stable again by throwing off their additional energy in the form of radiation, thus forming the desired isotope.
   
5. 
   Mention should be made3 that the production and separation of isotopes is a very complicated and expensive process but it is carried out because of the increasing uses of radioisotopes in industry and medicine. This increasing use of radioisotopes is due to the development of the nuclear reactor which has provided a relatively cheap and easy way of producing isotopes. The radiation emitted by radioisotopes is being utilized in a variety of ways. Sometimes isotopes do jobs conventional devices cannot do at all. Radioisotopes are widely used for tracing complicated chemical reactions, for generating electric power for spaceships.
   

V. Прочтите 5-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
How did the Soviet scientists manage to obtain a great number of isotopes?

1. 
   ... due to their wide use in industry and medicine.
   
2. 
   ... due to the use of nuclear reactors.
   
3. 
   ... due to their ability to radiate.