Контрольное задание №1

II. Выпишите из 4-го абзаца текста предложение, содержащее независимый причастный оборот, и переведите его письменно на русский язык.
III. Прочтите 5-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:
Which of the meters (a voltmeter or an ammeter)

1. 
   must have a low resistance?
   
2. 
   must be placed in series with the rest of the circuit?
   

ВАРИАНТ 6
(для студентов радиотехнических вузов)
I. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту
cryogenics — криогеника, физика низких температур
tantalum — тантал
in. = inch - дюйм
K = Kelvin - по шкале Кельвина
ma = milliampere — миллиампер
printed circuits — печатные схемы
thimble — наперсток
CRYOGENICS AND THE CRYOTRON

1. 
   The invention of electronic devices whose activity is based upon the flow of free electrons in a vacuum has considerably enlarged the application of electrical energy for various industrial purposes. Use is made of radio electronics at every step. Without radio electronics we would not have cybernetics, cosmonautics and nuclear physics.
   
2. 
   We know the cryotron to be developed in 1953. In this devise the superconductor is a piece of tantalum wire 1 in long and 0.009 in. in diameter. It is kept at a temperature of 4.2°K, which is the boiling point of liquid helium at atmospheric pressure.
   
3. 
   Around this wire is a coil. This coil functions as a control winding. A change in the flow of current through the winding changes the strength of magnetic field. This controls the resistance of the tantalum wire, causing the wire to shift back and forth between its superconducting and normally conducting states.
   

Thus, the current through the coil exceeding 100 ma, the magnetic field changes the resistance of the tantalum wire from zero ohms to 0.008 ohms. This behaviour enables the cryotron to function either as an amplifier or as a switch. Newer types of cryotron are known to employ printed circuits in place of wires.

4. 
   The cryotron is so small that a hundred of them will fit into an ordinary thimble. It is planned at present to employ this device in computer circuits in place of transistors and tubes. Among the advantages associated with the use of the cryotron are simplicity, reliability, economy of electrical power, and compactness.
   
5. 
   Cryogenics is the science of producing low temperatures. The operation of the cryotron is based upon the phenomenon of superconductivity. At extremely low temperatures the resistance of certain metals decreases practically to zero.