Контрольное задание №1

ВАРИАНТ 4
I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should, would.
1. These parts should be subjected to X-ray examination.
2. If there were no atmosphere, there would be no clouds, no rain.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, принимая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют чаще всего придаточным предложениям.

1. 
   Specialists wanted the unknown element to be analysed and tested.
   
2. 
   To separate a compound into its elements, chemical means must be used.
   
3. 
   Cathode rays are known to travel from the cathode to the anode of the tube.
   
4. 
   The electrons move with various velocities, their velocity depending on the temperature and nature of the material.
   

III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.

1. 
   The increase in labour productivity in industry is due to automation of manufacturing processes.
   
2. 
   The engineers will soon obtain better results, since they use a computer.
   
3. 
   Because of the danger of radiation one must take safety measures (меры предосторожности).
   

4. Provided automatic control is used, it will relieve man of monotonous work.
IV. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту
the cathode ray tube - катодно-лучевая трубка
in spite of - несмотря на...
it was not until r895 that Rontgen - и только в 1895 году Рентген
to give off - испускать, излучать
to succeed in - удаваться сделать что-л.
NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY
1. The cathode ray tubes' that were developed about 1880 resulted in the discovery of the electron. Tubes of various design were constructed and the behaviour of cathode rays was studied. In spite of extensive experimental work it, was not until 1895 that Rontgen discovered that the cathode ray tube also emitted invisible rays. These rays were capable of penetrating opaque substances and were called X-rays because of their unknown nature.
2. In the following year Becquerel investigated several fluorescent substances as possible sources of similar penetrating rays. Of the substances tested, only a uranium compound affected a photographic plate which had been protected by a wrapping of black paper. Becquerel found that all uranium compounds gave off penetrating rays, the intensity of the rays being proportional to the amount of "radioactivity".
3. Marie Sklodowska-Curie and her husband, Pierre Curie, investigated this new property of radioactivity and tested all other known elements for radioactive properties. The only other radioactive element they found was thorium. Thorium like uranium possessed a very high atomic weight.
4. While working with a uranium-containing ore they separated the various elements in the ore and tested each for radioactivity. From the fraction containing the element bismuth, they isolated a new radioactive element that was named "polonium'' in honour of Poland. The barium fraction was also radioactive, thus suggesting the presence of another new element. This new element (discovered in 1893) possessed radioactivy two to three million times that of uranium and was named "radium".

5. 
   After the death of her husband in 1906 Marie Curie continued her studies of the chemical properties of radium. In 1910 she finally succeeded in isolating the pure element from its compounds.
   
6. 
   Chemically speaking, radium acts like other elements of similar atomic weight. The other properties of radium associated with the radioactivity, however, are very striking. Rutherford had studied the radiations given off by radium. Under the influence of a magnetic field the rays were deflected in such a way that three types of radiations could be observed. Rutherford named the rays "alpha", "beta" and "gamma" and found that they were given off from all. radioactive elements.
   

V. Прочтите 6-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
What similar properties does radium possess compared with other elements?

1. 
   It has the same degree of radioactivity.
   
2. 
   It has lower atomic weight.
   
3. 
   It gives off three types of rays.