Контрольное задание №1

ВАРИАНТ 2
I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should, would.

1. 
   We would not solve the problem of protecting spaceships against solar radiation, if we had no plastics with some unique properties.
   
2. 
   The old equipment should be replaced by a new one.
   

II Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, принимая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют чаще всего придаточным предложениям.

1. 
   We know matter to exist in four states: solids, liquids, gases and plasma.
   
2. 
   The plastics to be produced in our laboratory will replace iron and its alloys.
   
3. 
   Being very light, strong and non-corrosive, aluminium is an ideal construction metal.
   
4. 
   To get to other planets man must have powerful sources of energy.
   

III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.

1. 
   The speed of electrons is almost the same as the speed of light.
   
2. 
   Provided these metals are alloyed with titanium, they will withstand high temperatures.
   
3. 
   Neither this part (деталь) nor that one must be made of plastics.
   
4. 
   Since these materials could not withstand high temperatures our scientists had to create heat-resistant alloys.
   

IV. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 6-ой абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 3, 4 и 5-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту
machining and finishing processes — процессы обработки и отделки
blades — лопатки турбины
strength — прочность-
extremes of pressures — сверхвысокие давления
mention should be made — следует упомянуть
life — срок службы
auxiliaries — вспомогательное оборудование
domestic appliances — бытовые товары
PLASTICS AS METAL REPLACEMENTS

1. 
   Today plastics are referred to as materials of great importance, for no other group of materials is able to offer such a unique combination of properties.
   
2. 
   By alloying, modifying as well as by changing the structure of polymers, chemists and technologists are able to produce different kinds of plastics.
   
3. 
   Metal replacement by plastics is often due to the economic factors only. The use of plastics enables the manufacturers to eliminate many expensive machining and finishing processes. Moreover plastics parts can be mass producer at a lower cost compared with metal parts.
   
4. 
   Although plastics do not possess the high strength of steel they are suitable for many purposes. Plastics can be reinforced by incorporating fibrous materials such as glass fiber, nylon and, at last, pure carbon fibers. The carbon plastics are known to open up vast new possibilities in the engineering field. Already some of the latest aircraft engines are using blades made of such plastics. These plastics are able to withstand much higher temperatures than metals. There exist plastics which have high mechanical strength and are able to withstand the extremes of pressures4. It gives them a great advantage over metals.
   

5. 
   Mention should be made that plastics are widely used in chemical industry, all plastics possessing good resistance to chemicals. The great advantage offered by plastics over iron is that they are highly resistant to corrosion and therefore ensure a much longer life.
   
6. 
   Because of their combination of mechanical and dielectrical properties plastics found their first major industrial application in the electrical industry. A great number of plastics used in the electronics field find applications where a good insulation property is an essential quality, e.g. wire covering, diodes, transistors, etc. An increasing number of electronic auxiliaries previously made of metal is now being fabricated of plastics. These include many kinds of mechanical components required for computers.
   
7. 
   The development of rocket and space engineering made it necessary to develop new types of plastics. A great deal .of research had been carried out before special grades of plastics were obtained for space technology. Now they are widely used in space vehicles because of their light weight and their ability of performing special functions metals cannot do. Without such materials it would be impossible to build spaceships. Generally speaking, in every branch of the industry from power transmission to communications and from spaceships to domestic appliances plastics are playing a vitally important role.
   

V. Прочтите 7-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
What property of plastics is of great importance for the construction of spaceships?

1. 
   ... the ability to resist chemicals.
   
2. 
   ... the ability to withstand high temperatures.
   
3. 
   ... light weight.