Innovatsiya 2021: dolzarb muammolar va zamonaviy yechim

 
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LITERARY LANGUAGE AND METHODICAL ORGANIZATION OF 
SPEECH 
Niyazova Aysholpan Abdikarimovna 
PhD student 
Uzbekistan State University of World Languages
 
From the mid-1960s onwards, linguists began to study the essence of discourse 
and text. Looking at the speech phenomenon on a large scale, they begin to consider 
the text as a product of human speech activity [2]. No text is beyond creation and 
comprehension. Therefore, there are a number of bases devoted to the problem of text 
creation, which describe the stages of text formation as a product of the process of 
speech activity. 
The development of the English literary language shows that every word and 
compound that is used and appears in human speech is reflected in the language 
associated with the history of that nation [3]. 
They become clear only when a philological analysis of the texts that reflect 
this. That is why the history of literary language is a philological science. 
Literary language is essentially a creatively enriched and reworked form of the 
vernacular. Along with creating text, there is also the process of perceiving it. A 
number of works have been created on this issue. 

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A comprehensive study of the text was also not overlooked. This work, by its 
nature and essence, indicates that the study of the text is carried out in several 
directions.
Thus, it is a text-speech view and is considered a functionally complete 
speech integrity. Text is a unit of communication that serves as a means of 
implementing language system units.Given that the text is a speech piece, when 
examining the set of sentences and phrases that serve as a link in it, one must pay 
attention to its three sides, the units of language, the text, and the unit of 
communication.The first of these units is in the field of language construction, while 
the other two are in the field of practical application of language. In the study of 
language structure, texts are used as language material, from which language units - 
phonemes, morphemes, lexemes, sentences are extracted. 
Language units separated from the text participate as the object of study. 
Language units are divided into relevant areas, and the relevance and specific features 
within each area are considered; in phonology - phonemes, in lexicology - lexemes, 
in morphemes - morphemes, etc. Thus, the image of phonological, lexicological, 
morphological and other systems is created. On the basis of these images, language 
units are formed and studied. 
In the study of language units in terms of their application in practice, the 
relationship between language units and the text is considered from a different 
perspective. At certain stages in the development of linguistics, in some linguistic 
studies, texts ceased to be a direct source of study as linguistic material. As a result, 
they were limited to analyzing language and speech units separated from texts. As a 
result, linguistics quickly began to lose its philological essence. This is why the 
notion that language is an abstract phenomenon has emerged. 
Under the influence of such a concept, linguistics differs from literary criticism 
in its object of study. Linguistics is also concerned with determining the size and 
content of language units. In these kinds of studies we see that linguistics has risen to 
the level of philological research. It is important not only for linguistics but also for 
English philology to enter into the essence of the history of the English literary 
language on the basis of this concept. This is an important direction in the study of 

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the history of the English literary language and the spiritual wealth of the Uzbek 
people.Defining the place of linguistics in philology, G.O. Vinokur writes [4,p 21]. 
No other chapters can be written without it. Linguistic methodology serves as a link 
between the history of language and the history of other cultural fields. 
Hence, the study of language as a cultural fact related to the study of other 
spheres of social life is the object of philology. The philological aspect of linguistics 
is reflected in linguistic stylistics (more precisely, historical stylistics). When 
analyzing facts related to linguistics, literature, and history in philology, it is 
necessary to study the nature of language and its application, which is a manifestation 
of national culture. 
The study of the use of language in linguistics is carried out not only in 
stylistics, but also in other disciplines that study language construction. The science 
that studies the practical application of language is stylistics. Philology is a general 
science that studies the history and essence of human spiritual culture through the 
analysis of the language and stylistics of the text. Stylistics is a branch of linguistics 
that studies the methods of language use, it studies language styles, speech styles, 
genre styles, the writer’s personal style. In addition, the expressive means of language 
(language methodology) and ways to use them in different speech relations are 
studied. 
Accordingly, stylistics: a) language stylistics; b) speech stylistics; c) divided 
into text stylistics. Language stylistics is called functional stylistics. In this case, the 
state of language units outside certain conditions is studied. Speech stylistics is 
differentiated according to the use of language in a certain form in social life. 
Text stylistics is also often referred to as practical stylistics. In this case, the 
style of the text, the style of the writer, the style of literary flow are studied, in the 
text language is not only a form of thought, but also an element of artistic image. Any 
linguistic fact in the text (including non-literary dialectisms, jargons) can serve an 
artistic function. The functional style is based on the general facts of language, while 
the artistic style is limited only by the given text feature. The function of language 

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material changes in the text. Text stylistics examines how language has become an art 
phenomenon in literature. 
The vocabulary structure and phraseological system of literary language is 
enriched not only at the expense of national language words, but also by borrowing 
words from other languages. 
The grammatical structure of the vernacular and all the factors in the 
vocabulary cannot be taken as the norm of literary language. Words and phrases that 
are excluded from the norm of literary language include dialect-specific words and 
phrases, simple words and phrases, jargons and slang vocabulary, special professional 
vocabulary. 
The oral form of literary language is ancient, and ancient folk songs, epics, 
tales, anecdotes, proverbs, riddles were created in this form and passed from mouth to 
mouth and polished. The formation and improvement of the written form of English 
literary language is related to the emergence of writing. However, the written form of 
literary language must be studied without distinguishing it from the oral form, for 
without it it is impossible to study the formation of literary language. 
The written form of literary language is not only a means of direct communication 
between people, but also a means of communication with people living in other 
places and times.