«инглиз тили лексикологияси» кафедраси

Assimilation of borrowings. Assimilation of a loan word demotes a partial or total confirmation to the phonetic, graphic, morphological standards of the receiving language and its semantic system. Phonetic assimilation comprises changes in stress and sound form: e. g. regime, machine).
• Grammatical adaptation of a loan word consists in a complete change of its grammatical paradigm. E. g. пальто - пальто, метро - в метро; datum - data, phenomenon - phenomena. Semantic assimilation is an adjustment to the system of meanings of the vocabulary. E. g.: In M. E. the word “girl” meant a child of either sex, “nice” meant “silly” in French and was borrowed in this meaning.
Assimilation оf Borrowings • According to the degree of assimilation borrowings fall into such groups: a) completely assimilated; b) partially assimilated, c) unassimilated loan words. • Partially assimilated loan words can be subdivided into 4 subgroups: • a) words not assimilated semantically; • b) words not assimilated grammatically; • c) words not completely assimilated phonetically; • d) words not completely assimilated graphically.
Lecture 16. Grammatical Classification of the Vocabulary in English, Uzbek and Russian Languages (4 hours)


Problems or discussion:

1. 
   Semantic properties of the Vocabulary in English
   
2. 
   The linguistic principles of typological classification in contrasted languages
   
3. 
   Onomasiological and Semasiological Characteristics of Lexicon in contrasted languages
   

Main notional parts of speech are nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs. Members of these four classes are often connected derivationally. Functional parts of speech are prepositions, conjunctions, articles, interjections & particles.
Parts of speech are grammatical classes of words which are distinguished on the basis of four criteria:
semantic;
-morphological;
-syntactic;
- that of valency (combinability)
Meaning. Each part of speech is characterized by the general meaning which is an abstraction from the lexical meaning of the constituent word. Thus, the general meaning of nouns is thingness (substance), the general meaning of verbs is action, state, process; the general meaning of adjectives — quality, quantity. 
The general meaning is understood as categorial meaning of the class of words.