«инглиз тили лексикологияси» кафедраси

1. Different words and stable expressions are systemically arranged. The systemic organization of lexicon is conditioned in all languages by lingual as well as by extra lingual factors which are of universal nature. Among the extra lingual factors, the following should be pointed out as most important:
a) the physical and mental factors; b) the environmental factors; c) the social factors.
2. Lexical units denoting the physical needs of human beings:
• actions designated by such verbs as live, eat, drink, think, sleep, wake, walk, run, jump, love, merry, die, etc.
• mental activity of man designated by such words as speak, think, ask, answer, decide, realize, imagine, understand many others.
3.Lexical units denoting natural environment. Common notions designated by words which reflect the multitudes of objects and phenomena surrounding every human being on the globe such as the sun, the moon, the stars, the wind, the sky, thunder, lightning, rain, as well as various species of plants, trees, fruits, colours, and living beings like fish, insects, mice, etc.
4. Lexical units denoting social phenomena relationships and activities of man: mother, father, child, sister, brother, aunt, uncle, grandmother, grandfather, etc.
5. Universal lexicon. All words and combinations of words designating the many notions, which appear due to the above-mentioned principles, constitute a large typologically common class of words referred to as universal lexicon.
other common layers of lexicon:
• dialectal,
• professional,
• poetic,
• archaic,
• slang,
• International, Etc. lexicons.
Each of them has its distinctive typologically characteristic features of isomorphic nature in common. Thus, the functioning of dialectal lexicons in any language is restricted to a definite historically destined territory (cf. the Scottish dialect, London cockney or the Western Ukrainian dialect).
International Lexicon split into two typologically distinct subgroups: 1. genuine internationalisms having a common linguistic form, a common source of origin and identical lexical meaning (cf.: parliament, poet, theatre, molecule, theorem, forum, history, waltz, sword of Damocles, to pass the Rubicon, Pandora's box, etc.);