12.Прослушайте текст и передайте его содержание по-русски. (1) It is a well-known fact that electric trains perform valuable service on trunk lines with dense traffic. But electric haulage is costly because it needs a whale system of electrical substations and either a catenary or a conductor rail. The third rail system is particularly essential for underground railways because of a limited space available in tunnels.
(2) The conductor rail system proves quite successful under normal conditions, but a great difficulty arises on open sections. The matter is that under unfavourable winter conditions the third rail may be covered with ice and it becomes difficult to transfer electric current from the conductor rail to the train.
(3) To eliminate this difficulty a special equipment was devised which could remove ice. At first this equipment was manually operated. But the process was relatively slow and inefficient.
(4) In recent years, the manually-operated equipment has been converted to semi-automatic working.
13.Переведите предложения с инфинитивом в функ-ций~6пределения. 1. The electric energy to drive trains may be taken from the overhead wire. 2. The major problem to be solved in passenger service is the construction of the vehicles able to run at speeds up to 200-250 kph. 3. The research to be carried out in the laboratory will be aimed at improving the reliability of the existing rolling stock. 4. The conductors to be used for transmitting the electric power to the trains are either the third rail or the overhead wire. 5. The speed to be attained by modern trains is often limited by the conditions of the track. 6. The chief engineer was the first to locate the faulty equipment. 7. The Moscow—Mytishchi suburban railway was the second to be electrified in our country.
14.Переведите словосочетания и предложения, обращая внимание на неличные формы глагола в функции определения. а) the measures taken—the measures being taken —the measures to be taken; the voltage lowered — the voltage being lowered — the voltage to be lowered; the attempts made—the attempts being made—the attempts to be made; the project realized — the project to be realized; the railway brought into use—the railway being brought into use — the railway to be brought into use.
б) 1. The line electrified was fed with a high voltage a.c. 2. The railway being electrified will be serviced by m-u trains. 3. The suburban route to be electrified is relatively short. 4. The experiments being made are aimed at choosing a more suitable material for the conductor rail. 5. The chief advantages to be obtained from electric haulage are high speeds and cleanliness. 6. A high average speed to be attained by m-u trains makes it possible for suburban railways to carry more passengers. 1 15.ПроработайШе'^ 39' грамматических пояснений и переведите предложения с инфинитивом в функции обстоя-' тельства. '
1. Some railway terminals in big cities must be reconstructed to cope with the constantly increasing flow of passengers. 2. The transformers are used to lower the voltage of the alternating current. 3. To meet the needs of the country in power the A-power plants are being increasingly built. 4. To produce as much electricity as the thermal power stations do the atomic power plants need much less fuel.
16.Укажите предложения, в которых инфинитив выполняет функцию обстоятельств Переведите предложения. 1. То convert a railway to electric haulage a costly reconstruction work is necessary.— To convert a railway to electric haulage will require costly reconstruction work. 2. To realize the project took a long time and needed much research.— To realize the project the scientists spent much time, making numerous experiments. 3. To inform the driver of the location of the train ahead the light signals are fitted in the driving cab. — To inform the driver of the train running ahead is possible due to the light signals fitted on the control panel.
17.Проработайте § 41 грамматических пояснений и переведите предложения, содержащие инфинитивные обороты с предлогом for.
1. Great efforts were made by the Soviet people for the GOELRO Plan to be realized. 2. For hydro-power stations to be built large rivers are necessary. 3. Highly efficient machines make it possible for the construction cost of railway electrification to be lowered. 4. The distance is too long for the train to cover in two hours. 5. For the electric current to flow an electrical conductor is needed. 6. In spite of a high initial cost of electrification it is essential for the major trunk lines to be electrified. 7. Dense traffic is a necessary condition for electric haulage to be economically justified. 8. Due to numerous machines less time is required for the workers to repair the catenary.
