Reference:
1. L. V. Golich. Design and planning of pedagogical
technologies: textbook for the training/Series "Modern education
technologies". The 2nd edition, revised and enlarged.-T:TGEU,
2010.C.151
2. Modern educational technology / ed.In. The reflection. - M.:
KNORUS, 2013. - S. 71-84.
3. Petrova L. I., Katargina L. N. The role of the Bologna
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Methodological support of the Bologna process in higher education
institution (pedagogical aspect). - Rostov n/D: Feniks, 2008. - S. 7
THE USE OF NEW EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICAL
INSTITUTIONS
Mamedova G.B., Odilova M.A., Mamatova D.D.
Tashkent pediatric medical Institute
baron-codli@mail.ru
The current realities of the specifics of teaching in higher medical school
are directly connected with considerable changes in the sphere of state
legislation, which primarily aims at improving the skills of graduates. This
process could not be viewed without the impact of modern information
technology, so it is only natural that one of the priorities in improving the level
of professional training of students and doctors should consider the need to
improve the quality of undergraduate and postgraduate medical education
through the introduction in educational process of computer and virtual
technologies [4—6]. New educational technology based on educational system,
where learning is not knowledge, and the ways, forms and methods of their
produce, i.e., the methodology of scientific-cognitive activity with the formation
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of creativity, which changes the structure of the mental activity of future
professionals, with the subsequent application of acquired knowledge in
professional activity [9]. Technology problem-modular training skills creative
learning, developing the ability to solve independently professional problems
with the accumulation of a certain experience in creative and professional
activities, forming the motives of learning, interest in a future professional
activity, scientific-cognitive needs, providing the polymodality of perception of
educational material. Problem-modular technology of education includes the
creation of problem situations by constructing and wording problems in the
module learning to solve new problems in the reform of higher vocational
education. Include a statement of the knowledge to follow the organization of
independent work of students on solution of problems determined by the
teacher. Students independently formulate and solve problems. The main efforts
of students in the implementation of modern pedagogical technologies directed
at formation of informational and operational components and methods of
mental actions [2, 9, 10]. Problem-based learning involves the interaction of the
teacher with the students. During the presentation of new teaching material
contradiction creates a student with a problem situation. The exit and is the
solution of cognitive tasks. Problematic task must be subjectively distressed and
feasible solutions.
The stages of solving the problem:
1) the problem situation;
2) awareness and acceptance of student problems;
3) hypotheses about possible solutions to the problem that provides a
transition to the research method that encourages students to cognitive activity.
Problem-based learning is one of the active forms of educational process in
higher education. It has the features to keep in mind: the creation of conditions
for the decision problems the decision problems through the use of appropriate
scientific methods. Problem assignments should be directed to the use of
knowledge not only of the subject but also related disciplines, and in some
cases, additional courses beyond the program. The process of problem-based
learning involves a combination of inductive and deductive methods of thinking
with deep penetration into the essence of problems and the establishment of
certain consequences in the learning process. You should pay special attention to
the creation of problematic situations - specially designed by the teacher
situations of mismatch between previously learned and new knowledge imparted
by teachers, between previously learned knowledge and information obtained
from books, textbooks, monographs and other sources. Problem-based learning
as any educational technology requires replication and implementation in
University educational practice. The first thing to do is to make a plan of
training for teachers, which first developed the fragments of lessons using
problem-based learning, and then they played with colleagues and discussed.
The plan should include the creation of a Bank of problem situations, snippets of
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educational material that can be implemented in the logic of problem-based
learning [12, 13]. For understanding the prospects of modern pedagogy it is
important to indicate the relationship of problem-based learning and integrated
teaching. The meaning of integrated education is to maximize the optimization
in the preparation of highly qualified specialists for the anticipated development
of science and practice in the relevant field of activity. In particular, the research
work can be regarded as a form of problem-based learning. In the process of
scientific work reveals the possibilities of students to scientific activity, to
develop a system of skills for creative exploration [3, 11]. Important
components of problem-based learning - flexibility and possible restructuring of
the presentation of educational material. The methodological challenge is to find
the correct ways of application of certain intensive methods and forms of
learning. One of the indicators of rationality applied intensive training methods
is of interest to the subject of study, especially for independent activities in the
field of this subject. In classical didactics, the concept of "teaching method" is
treated ambiguously. Its tasks and limits of application are determined by the
content of educational material, its characteristics, age and individual
characteristics, resources and teaching techniques. Of course, it is impossible to
ignore in high school. A significant impact on motivation to high-quality
training provided by the organization of the learning process. With regard to
high school, it can be argued that there cannot be taught but can be learned. If a
student wishes to obtain knowledge, any effort the teacher will have the result
[13]. The Bologna Declaration, defining the strategy of higher education has
formulated the main tasks include the development of a methodology of
modular construction of educational programs of higher professional education;
assist in higher education inter-University cooperation, joint training programs
conducting research. It is proposed to form educational standards of higher
professional education with the use of credits, which measure and compare
learning outcomes that contribute to quality evaluation of educational work [4,
8, 14]. To ensure continuous monitoring of students mastering the material, the
teacher should split the learning material into logical modules (blocks), defining
the normative scores (rules of calculation) on all tasks and objectives. To make
regulations subject to rating on the basis of this will assess knowledge. The total
score represents the sum of the ratings for the individual modules. In order to
consolidate the theoretical knowledge as units subject/discipline it is advisable
to allocate a separate cycle of works, individual home works. At the end of the
module is the control of knowledge (testing, tests, control tasks, verbal
questioning, writing reports and interviews, etc.), and for the correction of the
learning process when the current control it is advisable to keep records and
error analysis pointing to knowledge gaps [15, 16]. With the aim of organizing
the knowledge developed the routing structure includes 3 units. First - the work
in lectures, which should be open, problem, and knowledge received during the
lectures, subject to interim control. The second block includes a variety of types
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of work, relevant topics of discipline, designed to consolidate knowledge
obtained during studying of a subject, discipline, and topic. The third block is an
elective, the aim of which routing is to expand the freedom of students in
evaluating their educational achievements. The job should have integral
character and cover all subjects of the discipline. The score-rating assessment of
knowledge
includes
diverse
monitoring
(attendance,
classroom
and
extracurricular work the performance of additional tasks and control tests), as
well as deadlines and criteria of evaluation of the work performed, expressed in
points. For the teacher this system allows to efficiently manage the educational
process in a particular discipline, to control the course of mastering of a studied
material, to make timely adjustments in the organization of educational process
by results of the current assessment system, to evaluate the performance of each
school order to objectively determine the grades, allowing us to consider control
as an integral part of the educational process [8, 11]. Optimization of
pedagogical process is achieved through the use of systems methods such as
selecting learning objectives, selection of major and minor tasks, analysis of
performance of learners and teachers, and activity of the teacher requires daily
ability to solve difficult pedagogical problems and challenges [2, 10, 17]. One of
the ways to enhance learning related to a qualitatively new level of training
without increasing the duration and load of training activities is intensification,
which is impossible without didactic methods of teaching. They form specific
skills and allow us to build the structure of the lesson. Requirements "to know"
are relatively general in nature, since the material can be known in the sense that
it is easy to find references (to recognize level memory). The material can be
learned in detail and apply, without referring to reference manuals, adding to his
specific conditions (productive level of play studied). You can memorize the
material, as outlined in educational and methodical literature (reproductive
level). It is obvious that for each of the 3 levels of knowledge requires a special
method of teaching. Specific didactic technique is the use of complexes of the
training material when learning new information is accompanied by the
development of the content and fixing features of the new material. We should
not forget about traditional teaching methods, combining lecture material with
elements of seminars and practical classes. It involves the gradual control of the
learning in each lesson for the timely correction of the training process.
Methodology reflecting the features of work in conditions of intensification
include the rejection of writing and providing students with reference material,
while students have the opportunity to reflect provided by the teacher, make
notes on the distributed material. The conditions for the intensification of
education are created when classes are in one subject (discipline) are conducted
for one or several days (cycles) without interleaving with other disciplines.
Intensification of training does not change the essence of the educational
process, but is a joint activity of the teacher and the learner. The peculiarities of
intensive training include the transition from teaching the particulars to the
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teaching of the laws from which these particular stem, preserving the existing
terms of training and the existing teaching load; the exception is the overload of
students in the classroom [2, 5, 6, 10, 18]. Control system knowledge should be
comprehensive, comply with the nature of the discipline and the specific
Department of the medical school, including different forms of assessment of
knowledge and skills with integration in the real pedagogical process, taking
into account social, psychological, organizational and didactic problems [19].
Educational information that the student needs to learn in the process of
intensive training, includes facts, phenomena, processes, laws, methods of
action. For each of these components can be formulated the objective of
learning. Such a diversity of opportunities to apply learned information allows
the teacher to set a clear goal for each specific learning situation, but in practice
it doesn't always happen. Many teachers of universities, calling the theme of a
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