Immune System



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Immun Reaktivlik

Role of antibodies

  • Antibodies released into the blood stream will bind to the antigens that they are specific for.
  • Antibodies may disable some microbes, or cause them to stick together (agglutinate). They “tag” microbes so that the microbes are quickly recognized by various white blood cells.

“Killer” T cells

  • While B-cells divide and differentiate, so do T-cells.
  • Some T-cells become cytotoxic, or “killer” T-cells. These T-cells seek out and destroy any antigens in the system, and destroy microbes “tagged” by antibodies.
  • Some cytotoxic T-cells can recognize and destroy cancer cells.

Autoimmune disorders

  • Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system fails to recognize a protein as “self” and launches an attack.
  • Multiple sclerosis, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis are examples. None of these can be cured, but drugs can help slow the progress of these diseases.

AIDS

  • AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by an infection by the HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), which attacks and destroys T-helper cells. Because it attacks the immune system directly, finding a vaccine has been difficult.
  • Some drugs can slow down HIV reproduction, but no cure exists yet. Prevention is still the best “cure.”

AIDS

  • The HIV virus fools helper T-cells into thinking its proteins are “self,” and so is able to infect the cells that trigger specific immunity.
  • The virus forces T-cells to make more viruses, killing the T-cells when the new viruses burst out.

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