Handbuch der orientalistik section eight central asia

Cf.:

PA	PTM	PT	PM	Kor.	Jpn.
*giuldo	*gulde-	*Kula-	*gulda-
*iulo	*iil-	*oluk	*(h)olugaj		*urua
*iupo	*ub-	*ubut	*ubaj		*apepa-
*k'iudo(rgV)	*xiirgii	*Kudruk	*kudurga	*s-kori
*k'iuso	*xiise-	*Kus-
*miurjo	*murjni-( ~-i-)	*burj	*murj		*munkua-
*priuko	*piiKV	*oka	*(h)ugul.3a		*puki
*siupo	*siiba	*sub-luk	*subu-
*siujo	*suje	*sojagu	*sojuya	*sai	*saja
*tfiugo	*tiiksa	*Tugur	*tuyurga	*tu'ai	*tu~i
*tfiupfo	*tiipa	*tubriak	*tuwra	*toph	*tumai
*riiuno	*riun-	*jon-	*3oma-gul

By analogy with other vocalic rows of correspondences, one would also expect the existence of *CiuCa, *CiuCi and *CiuCu in PA. However, the correspondences to PTM *ii are exhausted by the two correspon­dences described above. On the other hand, there are exactly three rows of correspondences left which involve labialized vowels in Turkic, Mongolian, TM and Korean and which have as Japanese re­flexes *a, *i and *u respectively. It is therefore natural to assume that these are the rows reflecting PA *CiuCa, *CiuCi and *CiuCu, and that the diphthong in those sequences was lost in TM, being preserved only before neutral (mid-high) vowels of the second syllable, i.e. in se­quences *CiuCe and *CiuCo. These system considerations, apart from natural phonetic plausibility, are in fact the basic reason for recon­structing *CiuCe for the correspondence TM *ii - Turkic *ii/6 and *CiuCo for the correspondence TM *ii - Turkic *u/o.

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INTRODUCTION

3. *QuCa

Here TM has the usual variation of labialized *u/o. Mongolian has the same, but in some cases also a fronted *i-reflex. Turkic quite sys­tematically displays non-labialized *i, while Korean and Japanese have *a-like reflexes (*a in Japanese, *a/a in Korean).

PA	PTM	PT	PM	Kor.	Jpn.
*biura	*buri-	*birak-		*peri-	*parap-
*£iula	**6l-	*Kil-	*gulbi~		*karu-
*iuda	*udi-				*aja
*kjuta	*kota	*Kit			*kata-
*k'niria	*xuhi-	*K?jn	*kdniiye- (< *kiniive-)		*kana-
Miuma	*riume-	*jim-lcak	*nomu-/*nima-		*namia
*niura	Murikte		Morakai	*narot
*liuga(rV)	*lug-	*jigur-(lugur-)	*3iyura-	*nehir-	*nair-
*piuc'a	*puce-	*bic-	*bici-	(*pSc-)	*patur-
*pfhisa	*pusi-		*hisuge	*pas-	*pasam- |
*siuga	*sog-	*sigircik	*sojir	*sai
*siuna		*sm	*sonos-	*s(j)en-
*siusa	*suse-	*sis		*sasar'	*sasa
*siura	*sori	*str-	*sur	*sara-	*satu-i
*ziula	*suli-	*jil	*sili		*sasu 1

4. *CiuCu

This sequence behaves quite similarly to *CiuCa in TM, Turkic and Mongolian (although in Turkic we occasionally also find a front reflex *i), but is reflected as *u in Japanese and as *u/o (occasionally also *i, *i) in Korean.

PA	PTM	PT	PM	Kor.	Jpn.
*ciunu	*iun-	Mm	*ci-su		*t(u)i
Miulu	Mul-	*Jil*-K	Mulayan		Mu
*iubii	*(x)ob-		*6je-	*ib-	*uwa-
*iudu	*(x)odu	*iduk	*id-		*i/ju
*iumu	Mma-kta	*imit( ~i)			Mmai
*iumu	*umi-	*im-	*6m-	*umur-
*iujnula		*ijrjala-	Mjila-	*unar-
*iuru	Mru-	*ira	Mrma-		*uria-
*iuru	Mru-	*irk-	*ir-	Mr-	M(n)ti
*iucu	*6s-	*icgun-			Ms-

CHAPTER TWO

133

PA	PTM	PT	PM	Kor.	Jpn.
*t'iudu		*T*din	*tu^i		*tunai
*lqucu	*kusi-	*Kic-gir-	*kuca-	*kiciii-m	*kusam-
*kiucfu	*koci-	*K*c-	*koci	*kucich-	(*kuntek-)
*kjudu	*kude	*Kidig	*ki^ayar		*kui
*kiupru	*kupen	*Kip	*kib	*klp	*kupa
*kiup'u	*kob-ta	*Kipi-	*kuji-		*kiipa-
*kiufu	*kur-	*Kifak	*kiir-dun		*kuruma
*kfiucu	*xosI-kta	*Kic-	*kucil-	*koc	*kusi !
*k'iunu	*(x)on-	*Kin-	*kina		*kunank-
*kfiunu	*xurjke-	*Kirj-	*kiji- / keje-		*kunkum-
*kriufu	*xuri-	*KIf-	*kiire-	*kuri	*kura-
*k'iuru	*xur-ge	*Kir-		*kora-	*kuru-si-
*k'iuni	*xura-kta	*Kirtil	*k6rii-su	*kur	*kuri
*kriulnu	*xulrju	*km	*kojil-su
*liupfu	*lup-	*jip	^eyeg	*nupi-	*nup-
*miudu	*muduri			*miri	*mui 1
*miurgu	*murgi			*mir(h)	*munki
*niudurgi	*nurga	*jidruk	*nidurga		(*ninkir-)
*niuru	*hur(g)a-	*jir-	*niirgi-	*nor-
*riiunhu	*rionha	*jin / *jin	Murjgag	*nu(rj)-	*umi
*piunu	*pondV	*binit	*borjciliki	*pi'ut	'''puna
*siufu	*surgi-	*sif-	*sir-
*siucu	*sosa-	*sic-	*cica-ga	*Schii-
*siunnu	*sunrii-		*sinaya		*suna |
*siurju	*sorja-	*sir)-			*suna-
*siutu	*sut-		*side-	*sot-	*suta-
*siubu	*sube-	*sib-ri	*seyii-	*sibur	*suwa-i
*siuk'u	*suK-		*siike		*suki 1
*siupfu	*supa-	*sip-	*siyu-	Csp-)	*sup-
*siuru	*suri-	*siricga-	*sirii-
*tium(k)u	*durjk-	*dim-	*diin-
*ziuldu	*suldu-	*jildif	*siilde-su
*3iubu	*3ubu		*3uj		*duwai 1

5. *CiuCi

In this type of correspondence both TM and Japanese have *i, but TM - just as in the type *CiuCe - has *u after labial consonants. Turkic has front *ii (with occasional delabialization > *i) or *6, Mongolian - any

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INTRODUCTION

labialized vowel, also repeating the behaviour of PA *CiuCe. Korean has predominantly *i/i, but can also have a labialized reflex *u/o.

PA	PTM	PT	PM.	Kor.	Jpn.
*biuri		*bir	*biiri	*pirf-	*pite
*bjugi	*bugu~tuna	*bog	*b6ye-su		*piwe-
*bjiuk'i	*buk-	*biik-	*bok-		*pinkam-
*qumi		*Tumen		*8min	*ti
*c'iup'i	*cip[u]	*cuye-		*cop-	*tipi-sa
*iumi	*(x)im-	*(i)6m	*6mu-
*iuni	*In-		"iin-^i-	(*nui)	*ine-ti
*kiuti	*kitiri		*kiideri		*kitunai
*kjudi	*kidu-	*giid-		*kiri-
*kfiuli	*xil(i)-	*kiil-	*kiili-
k iuc 1		*koce	*kuc-	*kicarj
*miuli	*mul-		*mulga-	*mora-	*misu-
*miuri	*mu		*moren	*mtr	*mi-
*piunri	*ponda			*pinir	*pirai
*piubi	*pubu-	*bij-	*(h)iiji-	*pjapai-	*piwa-
*piuk'i	*poKa-		*hokar		*piku- |
*pfjurji	*purjtu	*6rji			*pina
*pfiuri	*purke-		*hurin		*piru-m-
*siubi	*sib-		*soye-	*sub-	*siwa-
*siuni	*S1-	*son-	*sonii-		*sin- 1
*siut'i	*site-	*sut	*u-siin	(*sti-)
*siufi	*sir-	*siif-	*siir-
*t'iupri	*tip-	*tiipi
*tiuni	*tinu-	*tiin	*tiine
*ziupi	*sibe-	*jib	*siibe	rsp-)
*ftugi	*lija-	*jiigiir-		*coh
*3iufi		*jiif-	*3or	*ciri-

2.5. Prosody in Altaic

Above we repeatedly mentioned prosodic factors as reasons for certain phonetic changes in Mongolian (voicing *p > *b) and Japanese (voicing / prenasalization). The general outline of prosodic reconstruction for the first syllable was given in Starostin 1995. Here we shall confine our­selves to a brief table of correspondences.

CHAPTER TWO 135

PA	PTM	PT	PM	Kor.	Jpn.
**	*V	*v	*v	*V	*V
*v	*V	*v	*v	*v	*V
*v	*v	*v	*v	*v	*v
*v	*v	*v	*v	*v	*v