Handbuch der orientalistik section eight central asia

*CioCu

TM here has *ia or *i, with the usual distribution (normally *ia, but *i for short *jo after sibilants; Turkic - *o/u; Mongolian - *u/o, but also non-labialized *e/i; Japanese has *u; Korean - *a or *u/o (but sometimes also *je).

PA	PTM	PT	PM	Kor.	Jpn.
*cfiolu	*cial-	*coluk	*cile-	*c5rk,*cjari-	*tur-
*niobu	*riiabe-ri-	*iu(b)-	*jeyu-	*nub-
*kiojbu	*kiaba-	*Kuba/*Koba	*kubakaj		*kiii
*kiopu	*kiaba-	*Kobga	*kob-
*kioru	*kiaru	*Kur	*kiri	*kora-	*kiira
*k'i6su	*xisi-		*kusu-		*kusii
*mioriu	*miariam			*m^nam	*miina-
*riioru	*riiara-	*jur-	""^ur-
*siogdu	*sigde		*sudal		*sunti !
*siogu	*sigun			*hai	*sua-ra
*sioku	*siaKu		*segel-		*suki
*siokfu	*six-	*suk-	*sekeye	(*ski-)	*suk-
*siolu	*siali-		*sila-	*huri-	*sura-
*siop'u	*sip-	*supt	*sibo-
*siojru	*siaran	*surik	*surgayag	*hie
*triolgu			*tergel	*tar	*tiikui 1
*ziogtu	*sigdi-pu	*jo(g)ta	*seyuii
*3i63u	*3(i)a$i-	*jogan	*3u3aYan	*cac-	*duta-ka- |

2.4.63 PA *iu

The simpliest cases where one may reconstruct a PA *iu-diphthong are those where PTM has *ii (which may also be phonologically treated as *iu). In all those cases Japanese has a variation of *u or *a, and Korean, of *a/e (sometimes preceded by -j-, and thus also pointing to a diph­thong) or *u/o. Turkic and Mongolian can have either front or back labialized vowels (6/u, u/o). We may note, however, that there is a clear correlation between Turkic and Mongolian here: when Turkic has a back vowel, Mongolian has one, too; and, reversely, when Mongolian has a front vowel, Turkic also has a front one. It seems therefore possi­ble to reconstruct two different PA sequences with the diphthong *-iu-

130

INTRODUCTION

distinguished from each other in Turko-Mongolian. We reconstruct them as *CiuCe and *CiuCo respectively (reasons for determining the final vowels will be given further below): 1. *QuCe

PA	PTM	PT	PM	Kor.	Jpn.
*QuCe	*u	*ii/*d	*ii/d/*u/*o	*(0A/O	*u/e

Here Turkic may additionally have a delabialized reflex *i before liquids (*r, *1), frequently in variation writh *ii. Cf.:

PA	PTM	PT	PM	Kor.	Jpn.
*biure		*biirce	*biirge	*pjerok
*Hlube	*Kiib-	*Kiib-			*kuwa-
*iude		*6d-kun-			*aja-(n)si-
*iule	*iil(k)e-	*ol-c-	*uli-	*erkur
*iuse	*iise-	*6s-	*6s-	*isak (< *ja-)
*iuse	*fi(K)-	*6fc-	*uyur
*iut'e	*iit-	*ot-	*6te-
*kiune	*kiin-	*Kiin	*kuyiin		*kuni
*kiure	*kiirekte	*K6rtuk	*kur
*k'iube	*xu(b)-	*kii(b)	*kiiw-	*kubii-	*kewai |
*kriuge	*xukte	*K6gme	*k6yeme	*kemim	*k(u)i
*kfiujkfe	*xiij(k)e	*kok		*kokiri	*kukui
*k'iupfe	*(x)iipi-	*Kiipi-	*kobe-
*k'iurpe	*xiirbe	*korpe	*korbe
*kfiuse		*kiis-	*kosirj		*kusai |
*kriule	*xiil-	*kole	*k61u-sii
*kriure	*xiir-	*glr-	*kiir-	*kur-	*kura-
*kriuse	*xuse	*kuse-	*kiise-		*kes-
*niuntfe	*nunte		*undii-sun	«	*mate |
*siurje	*sunii-	*s[i]r)	*son	*san-/*san-/*san-	*siinsii-
*siune	*siinke-	*sorjul/-u-			*sumapu
*siufe	*siir-	*sdf	*siir-/*sur-	*sorai
*tiuke		*dok-		*tahi-	*tuk-
*tfiufe	*tiire-kse	*dif	*turej	*tari

We see that among the listed examples, words with TM initial labi­als are completely lacking. In fact there are several examples with the same correspondence after labials, where PTM appears to have *u, not *ii (so that the rows are in complementary distribution):

CHAPTER TWO

131

PA	PTM	PT	PM	Kor.	Jpn.
*biuse	*bu£-	*bogiir	"boyerug	*pahoi	*ba j
*bjule	*bulin	*bilik
*biule	*bula	*bile-	*bule-	*pjero
*bjuk'e	*buKu-			*pak	*puku(m)pai

2. *CiuCo

PA	PTM	PT	PM	Kor.	Jpn.
*CiuCo	*ii	*u/o	Vo	*(j)A/0	*u/e