Handbuch der orientalistik section eight central asia

As for *CiaCu, we would (by analogy with other vocalic develop­ments) expect here PT *ia and PJ *u. Such a correspondence, however, is completely absent. Instead we find a number of cases where the re­flexes are quite similar to PA *CaCu (*a in Turkic, *a or *o/u in Mongo­lian, *u in Japanese, *o/u in Korean), but TM has a labialized reflex *o/u, just like in the case with *CiaCo. Turkic additionally can have here *e, and Korean - (j)a. We tentatively reconstruct the type *CiaCu for this correspondence, although none of the languages (except perhaps Ko­rean in a few cases) has preserved a diphthong here. In TM, the type *CiaCu must have early coincided with *CiaCo and lost the diphthong because of vowel labialization; in Turkic, the words of the type *CiaCu must have early undergone an assimilative change > *CioCu > *CoC-and gave the same reflex as *CioCe (see below).

Here are examples of the hypothetic *CiaCu type:

PA	PTM	PT	PM	Kor.	Jpn.
pciatu	*3uti	Mat	*dadu-
rgiaiu	*gulukun	*Kalin	*goli-
rgiaiu	*goldi	*K(i)al-		*korhoi	*kusire
riamu	*umu-	*(i)am	*(h)uma-	*umuk	*iima-
riap'u	*upa	*(i)apil	*oyuli
!*iaru	*ora-	*(i)arkun	*(h)ori	*ari-
*kiacru	*kuci-n	*KEcir	*kacir		*kuti
*kiaju	*kuje	*K(i)aj	*kuj	*kuri-	*kujur-
*kiamu	*kuma	*Kama		*kom	*kiima
*kia3urV	*ku^ur-	*Kajir	*ku;}ir
*kiatu	*kota	*get	*godoli
*kiaru	*kor-pi-	*gerge-	*kara	*kari-
*k'iabu	*xu(be)	*K(i)ab	*kayul-	*kje[b]-
*miak'u	*muKa	*bAkan		*mok	*miik-
*mialu	*molori	*b(i)ala-	*majila-		*murua
*nianu	*nurji _	*(i)arjif	*nuntug	*non	(*nua) J

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PA	PTM	PT	PM	Kor.	Jpn.
*njakfu	*rj6Ke	*eker	*nokaj	*nakori
Viaru	*por-	*ar-	*hor-	*poroki
*sjamu	*siim-	*s(i)amar	*sumal	*sjam
*sjabu	*soba-	*seb-re-	*saya-		*siimp-
*sjakfu	*soKa-	*s(i)aki-	*sokar	*sjokjarj	*suk-
*tfiaru	*ture-	*terk-	*tarki-
*trJLaku	*tokI	*teke	*togij
*zjasu	*suse	*jas	*(h)us-	*sask-	*susa- i
*3|aru(kV)	*3ugde-n	*jeriik		*dunturi
*siap'u	*sup-	*sep-	*saw-ga		*sumpa-

2.4.6.2 PA *io

Above we have considered a number of forms which point to PA *CiaCo. There is, however, also a very similar row of correspondences where Mongolian has a back reflex *a or *o/u. Here we tentatively re­construct PA *CioCa, since Jpn. *a may reflect both PA *-o and *-a. But since Mongolian vocalism is not the most stable and indicative one, we cannot exclude that the reconstructions *CioCa and *CiaCo should be reversed. The relevant cases are:

PA	PTM	PT	PM	Kor.	Jpn.
*bioga	*buga		*bayu-	*pa	*ba
*biola	*bule	*b(i)aldak	*bol-/*bul-
*biola	*boloka	*bal-gin	*bal-	*puro	*bara(m)pi
*biosa	*bosoga	*basig			*basai
*giora	*gurbi	*K(i)argi			*kantura
*kiomga	*kumga	*K(i)amgak	*kamkak
*kiosa	*kosi-	*Kasi	*kasi-
*kiola	*kola	*K(i)alarj	*kula-gai		*kasum-
*kfi6rja	*xorja-	*K(i)arj-	*ka[m]ar	*koh	*kaN-k-
*kfjora	*(x)or-	*Kafilgan	*karg-		*katura
*kfio3a	*xo;}a-n	*K(i)aj-	*ka^iwu	*kac-	*kajer-
*l|6ga	*iog-	*jagif	*nogoyan	*no-na-	*na
*pioka	*puka	*bakir	*(h)agi	(*pha)	*pakua-
*sioga	*sug-	*s(i)agun	*sayali	*hoar	*sa
*sioga	*sogda-	*sagri	*sajir	(*hennur)	*sa-
*sioca	*susu	*siac	*cas
*ziola	*sulu-n	lal(c)-	*solonga	*sar-	*sas-