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ARTIKL. NOANIQ VA ANIQ ARTIKL

Artikl ot oldida ishlatiladigan maxsus so’z — aniqlagichdir. Hozirgi ingliz tilida artiklning noaniq (a, an) va aniq, (the) formalari mavjud.

Turdosh otlar bilan noaniq artiklning ishlatilishi
1. Noaniq artikl biror turga mansub bo'lgan birlikdagi shaxs yoki buyum oldida ishlatiladi va "qandaydir bir" degan ma'noni bildiradi:
She has a watch of her own. He gave her a cigarette and lighted it.
2. Ot shaxs yoki buyumning kim yoki nima ekanligini ifodalasa
noaniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi. Bunday ot gapda:
a) ot kesmning tarkibiy gismi bo'lib keladi:My brother is an engineer.
b) izohlovchi bo'lib keladi:
Mr. A. , a student of our Institute, spoke at the meeting.
I z o h: Ot-kesim tarkibida kelgan yoki izohlovchi bo'lib kelgan otning shu turdagi otlardan ajratib ko'rsatuvchi aniqlovchisi bo'lsa shu ot aniq artiki bilan ishlatiladi:These are the books you were looking for. Mr. lvanov, the inventor
of this machine, is an old friend of mine.


ANIQ ARTIKLNING ISHLATILISHI
a. odatda aniq artikl – mehmonxona, restoran, qahvaxona, kinoteatrlar, muzey va gallereyalar oldidan ishlatiladi. Masalan: mehmonxonalar – the President Hotel,
b. the Sheraton, the Station Hotel; restoran/qahvaxona – the Bombay Restaurant, the Red Lion (pub); kinoteatrlar – the Meridian, the Classic, the Real, the Oreon; gallereya/muzey – the Gallery, the British Museum, the Hermitage.
c. bundan tashqari, aniq artikl “of” predlogi bilan keladigan ba’zi bir diqqatga sazovor joylar va inshoatlar oldidan ishlatiladi. Masalan: Zamonaviy san’at muzeyi – the Museum of Modern Art, London Taueri – the Tower of London, Angliya banki – the Bank of England, Parlament – the Houses of Parliament.
d. Shuningdek ba’zi bir mamlakatlar, mintaqalar, dunyoning 4 tomoni (janub, shimol, sharq, g’arb), okeanlar, dengizlar, orol, daryo, kanal va tog’ tizmalari oldidan
e. ishlatiladi. Masalan: Birlashgan Qirollik (BQ) – the United Kingdom (the UK), Birlashgan Arab Amirligi (BAA) – the United Arab Emirates (the UAE), Amerika
f. Qo’shma Shtatlari (AQSH) – the United States of America (the USA), Janubiy Afrika Respublikasi (JAR) – the South African Republic (the SAR), Ukraina –
g. the Ukraine, Filippin – the Philippines, Qrim – the Cremea, Kavkaz – the Caucasus, Niderlandiya (Gollandiya) – the Netherlands.
h. gazeta nomlari oldidan ishlatiladi. Masalan: Tayms – the Times, Vashington Post – the Washington Post, Tasvir – the Tasvir.

GRAMMAR: ANIQ ARTIKL ISHLATILMAYDI

i. Aniq artikl – mehmonxona, restoran, magazin, banklar nomlari insonlar nomi bilan boshlansa ular oldidan aniq artikl ishlatilmaydi. Masalan: Mehmonxonalar – Claridge’s Hotel, Restoran / magazin – Luigi’s Italian Restaurant / Harrods mini-shop /Banklar – Barclays Bank, Lloyds Bank.
j. Ko’l tog’, orollar oldidan ishlatilmaydi. Masalan: Ko’llar – Ontario – Lake Ontario / Baykal – Lake Baykal, Tog’lar (yakka) – Tibet – Tibet / Shohimardon – Shakhimardan, Orollar – Sitsiliya – Sicily / Korfu – Corfu / Men – Man
k. Dunyoning qit’alari oldidan ishlatilmaydi. Masalan: Afrika – Africa / Osiyo – Asia / Ovropa – Europe / Avstraliya – Australia / Shimoliy Amerika – North America / Janubiy Amerika – South America / Antarktida – Antarktida
l. Davlatlar, shtatlar, shaharlar oldida ishlatilmaydi. Masalan: davlatlar – Italia – Italy / Brazilia – Brazil / Xorvatiya – Croatia, shtatlar – Nevada – Nevada / Ayova – Iowa
This grammar is in oral speech(colloquial)
1-MASHQ (Yozma)
Many folk stories tell about people who are given three wishes, and only three. Use A, AN, or THE