Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
grapevines.
21
The two most common are illustrated in Figure 12.5. The gossip chain
occurs when one person spreads the message to many other people. Each one, in
turn, may either keep the information confidential or pass it on to others. The gossip
chain is likely to carry personal information. The other common grapevine is the clus-
ter chain, in which one person passes the information to a selected few individuals.
Some of the receivers pass the information to a few other individuals; the rest keep it to
themselves.
There is some disagreement about whether the information carried by the grapevine is
accurate, but research is increasingly finding it to be fairly accurate, especially when the
information is based on fact rather than speculation. One study found that the grapevine
may be between 75 and 95 percent accurate.
22
That same study also found that informal
communication is increasing in many organizations for two basic reasons. One contribut-
ing factor is the recent increase in merger, acquisition, and takeover activity. Because such
activity can greatly affect the people within an organization, it follows that they may spend
more time talking about it.
23
The second contributing factor is that as more and more
corporations move facilities from inner cities to suburbs, employees tend to talk less and
less to others outside the organization and more and more to one another.
Attempts to eliminate the grapevine are fruitless, but fortunately the manager does
have some control over it. By maintaining open channels of communication and
responding vigorously to inaccurate information, the manager can minimize the dam-
age the grapevine can do. The grapevine can actually be an asset. By learning who the
key people in the grapevine are, for example, the manager can partially control the
information they receive and use the grapevine to sound out employee reactions to
new ideas, such as a change in human resource policies or benefit packages. The
manager can also get valuable information from the grapevine and use it to improve
decision making.
24
Forms of social media such as Twitter and Facebook often mimic the traditional
grapevine. Messages can be formatted quickly and transmitted rapidly to thousands of
other people. Of course, there may also be accuracy issues if the original messages are
Gossip Chain
(One person tells many)
Cluster Chain
(Many people tell a few)
©
C
en
gag
e
Le
ar
nin
g
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: