Trade Routes
Medieval geographers paid copious attention to the trade routes of Ferghana. The
eastward international route started in Kuva and passed through southern Ferghana
from Urest to Osh and further to Kurshab and Uzgen. From Uzgen the route went
up the Yassi River toward the Yassi Pass. The route traveled to Tian Shan and
Kadzhingarbashi, passing by Atbashi through Jaman-davan, and through the Turgat
passages to Kashgar.
Ferghana’s internal routes branched on the way southward through the Te-
gizbai pass. One of the routes headed through Arslanbob to the Haylama region
(Ketmen-Tyube), reaching Naryn, where it merged with the right tributary of
Uzun-Ahmat.
In the area of modern Uch-Kurgan a pass existed heading to the right bank of
the Naryn-Syr Darya. Ferghana was also crossed by several branches of a trade
route that passed through the territory of Kyrgyzstan in two directions: to the Chui
Valley on the north through Yassi and Kochkor, and to the south through the ter-
ritory of southern Ferghana.
103
A degree of political stability prevailed in Central Asia by the seventh century,
leading to economic and cultural development. During that period, the Great Silk
Road passed through Kashgar, the Issyk Kul region in the south, and the Talas Val-
ley. However, the more ancient route that passed through Ferghana did not lose its
importance. Until the early eighth century Sogdian merchants traded on the Great
Silk Road that connected Japan in the east with the Mediterranean Sea in the west,
and Vietnam and Ceylon in the south. The rise of the Turkic powers enabled the
indigenous Sogdians to become the chief traders on the Great Silk Road. The Arab
authors Al-Mujaddasi, Istahri, and Ibn Haukal wrote about a route that connected
the west and the east. During that period, trade caravans coming from India, Iran,
and Middle Eastern countries would pass through Samarkand and reach Khujand,
whence the route would head East via two different directions. One route went from
Khujand through Kanibadam, Sokh, Rishtan, Margilan, Kuva, Osh, Uzgen, Atbashi,
and the Terekdavan Pass to China. The other route headed to Ahsiket and thence
either to Uzgen or south through Kuva, where it merged with the southern route. In
the eleventh and twelfth centuries
ce
, caravan routes through the Ferghana Valley
shifted, thanks to the emergence of mining in the region of Sokh-Haydarkan.
18 SAIDOV, ANARBAEV, GORIYACHEVA
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