English and ukrainian syntax. Typology of the word-group and the sentence typology of the Syntactic Systems

Substantival Word-Groups, in which the mainly attributive adjuncts may be in pre-position or in postposition to the noun head.

Surface / Models / ./Ways of /Connection	English	Ukrainian
	Analytical (syndetic and asyndetic) connection	Synthetic connection (agreement or government)
N>N	cotton yarn, wage strike	N
NN>N	street traffic rules, sugar crop disaster	NN гра оркестру телестудії, будова станції метро
NP>NP*	last week football matches	N
N>NP/NN	Glasgow autumn holiday	N
N cj N>N(P)	boy and girl secrets	Мс/М>Кхлопця й дівчини секрети
A>N	small children, lovely flowers	A>N малі діти, гарний день, холодна весна
I>N**	his work, my day, this look	I>N моя праця, його брат, наше таксі
Q(P)>N(P)	the first meeting, five days	Q>N перша зустріч, другий день
Ving >N(P)	the reading people, the coming spring	Vpartc > N працюючий прилад, крокуючий екскаватор
N(P)	the pasture green, the news available	N
N(P)<1	Pete himself, lady mine	N<1 Україно наша, дочка моя
N(P)	page ten, group two, world War II	N
N(P)	the book there, the people ahead	N
N(P)inf	the wish to win, to want to go	Ninf бажання виграти", намір піти погуляти
N(P)ing	the student answering, the girls skating	N
N(P)en	the people invited, the words said	Nen квіти политі (дощем), земля обітована
N(P)	the child asleep, the house ablaze not available	N дитині страшно KStative*** йому/їй краще (легше)
N(P)prep	rays of hope, a game for our boys	Nprep
N(P)prep ger	the idea of being asked, books for reading

2. Verbal Word-Groups are also characterised in English and Ukrainian by some isomorphic and allomorphic features. Generally common in both languages are the structural types of verbal word-groups that may be: 1) with simple objective or adverbial complements; 2) with extended or expanded complements; 3) with simple or extended/expanded objective and adverbial complements. Of common pattern in both languages are verbal word-groups with pre-posed and postposed complements.
Simple unextended word-groups with the transitive verbal head include nominal and adverbial complements/adjuncts. Their pattern is comon in English and Ukrainian: to like books, to receive four, to love her, to prefer blue (to red), to love it to be asleep; любити книжки, отримати четвірку, кохати її, любити синє, щиро любити, почуватися краще, etc. The head verb may also be extended or expanded: to ardently love somebody (дуже любити когось), etc. Common are also prepositional complements in verbal word-groups of this pattern: to speak of somebody, to divide by two; говорити про когось, ділити на два (на двоє).
3. Adjectival Word-Groups. This paradigmatic class of word-groups has a much smaller number (and varieties) of structural models. The most productive and usual in English and Ukrainian are the following simple and extended models with different dependent components.
Allomorphic, і. е. pertaining to English only are adjectival word-groups with gerundial complements worth reading (being read): Aworth reading the book; AprepN(I)V_ger: proud of Pete/ him being decorated, proud of his having been invited.
Apart from the non-existence of gerundial complements, Ukrainian adjectival word-groups are characterised by some other features of their own. Among these, for example, is the free location of most of adjectival and complements adjuncts which is absolutely impossible in English. Cf. дуже добра — добра дуже; радий чути — чути радий; значно молодший за мене — за мене значно молодший, добрий до всіх - до всіх добрий.
Nevertheless, it is impossible to change the order or position of any immediate constituent as in the word-groups like багато молодший, ніж вона but not* ніж вона, багато молодший, though the pattern can not be considered completely ungrammatical for a predominantly synthetic language, like Ukrainian either.
Ukrainian head adjectives, however, express the morphological categories of number, case and gender which is impossible in English. Cf. гарний зовні, гарна зовні, гарні зовні; гарної/гарній зовні, гарною зовні; добрий/добрим до всіх; рідна/рідної для нас, etc.