Efficacy of bilingual and multilingual education in Pakistan

Conclusion

The result of this research paper declares that the modes of instruction that we use in public and private schools whether it is in local language, mother tongue, regional language or any other international level, it is very much linked with the mental development, social grooming and ethnic identity. On the other hand we cannot neglect the significance of Urdu and International language i.e. English. The postulate of the research that was to check the possibility to propose a bilingual or multilingual system of education in public and private schools in Sargodha is favored positively in a way to structure the learning, cognitive development, academics, personalities, and socio-cultural development of the learners. This will help the learners at primary level to build the stable social interactions and this will also enhance the students to develop a better communicative environment by linguistic versatility. As multilingual are linked with variant social identities, languages, cultures, histories, arts, literature, social realities, and philosophies round the globe, so the students exposed to multilingual mode of education will be groom in a subtle way.

The a diverse society like Pakistan there is a clear cut dissatisfaction regarding the educational institutions because there exists a frequent alternate in education department in government and the government officials allot a very negligible amount of budget to the ministry of education. Scarcity of educational fund adds up to the lack of better and systematic educational system. In the conflict of authorities and economic instability, the students suffer a lot. At primary level, the facilities provided to students, teachers, and staffs are below the standard. The findings emphasized upon the non-homogeneities and irregularities of the bilingual and multilingual system of education in Pakistan and educationists must take serious steps to work on it. There in not only the discussion of necessity and significance of mother tongue but also declares the cultural and linguistic diversity. Mother tongue as a medium of guidance at important level, but also it also highlighted the cultural and linguistic range of Pakistan. Although the best mode of instruction for the students at primary level in both public and private schools id the use of mother tongue because it enhances the cognitive development.
After the basic mother tongue, the language which is preferred all over the country is Urdu. The aim behind this preference is that in Pakistan Urdu language acts as Lingua Franca and most of the Pakistanis have a certain proficiency in this language. Urdu is the national level of Pakistan and is used countywide. Another reason is that, the provinces of Pakistan are no longer divided entirely on linguistic grounds. Moreover there are specific ethnicities found in every region of Pakistan. If we devise a system of bilingual mode of education in Sargodha, there are apparent possibilities that the language used in school would not be the first language, which make it difficult for the students to catch the ideas and it will create a communication gap. So, this idea is difficult to pursue the planning for proposing bilingual education system in Pakistan. If we talk about English, additionally it cannot be preferred over Urdu because in Pakistan English is considered to be the language of elites and just like Urdu it does not act as lingua franca to join the linguistically diverse communities of Pakistan.
If we are supposed to learn a specific language then use of monolingual method of teaching will be the best option but if our target is to develop the better conceptual grip, we must rely on multilingual mode of instruction. For this purpose, the teachers must be efficient in all the languages to be used and they must be able to understand, speak, and use the language with a remarkable level of proficiency in all the contexts. Teachers should be trained in such a way to compete with communicative and cultural lacks.
Through multilingual education speaking mother tongue will be encouraged and it will provide a gateway to learn second language. The involvement of parents and community plays a key role in language learning abilities. This will adds up to the cognitive development and make the students able to take part in wider communication. After deep analysis of the issues regarding education in public and private schools we are come up with a suggestion that the dynamic, bilingual and multilingual mode of instruction improves overall linguistic performance of the students in both public and private schools in Sargodha. Moreover, it will also help to fix the language related problems in Pakistan. Also possesses practicable of fixing. This mode of instruction will also have demerits as well but the promising prospects are on great scale.
This paper will help the policymakers to realize the advantages of bilingual and multilingual mode of instruction and they will work for the practical implementation of systematic linguistic policy.