Efficacy of bilingual and multilingual education in Pakistan

Efficacy of Bilingual and Multilingual Education in Pakistan. A Case Study of Public and Private Schools in Sargodha.


Abstract


The growth of a nation rests upon multiple contributing factors but the most essential asset for a Nation’s growth is literate population who serve a lot in development and prosperity of their country and play a key role to contribute their core best. So the key aspect in increasing the growth of a multicultural and multilingual society like Pakistan is education. Here lies the main point of discussion that which medium of instruction should be adopted to address the students in public and private schools in order to get the targeted goals. This research article targets to explore the impact of bilingual education and multilingual education at primary faculties of Pakistan, in which the primary knowledge and information will be furnished to the students in their native language at main level. It additionally ambitions to check out if a bilingual education gadget can efficiently be implemented and run in a linguistically diverse society like Pakistan. The intent of this research article focuses on how the native language is being improvised and teaching of fundamental concepts in different subjects at primary level can enhance the self confidence and cognitive development (Bloom’s Taxonomy). The researchers will aim to elaborate the education system of Pakistan and the concerning the bilingual or multilingual prospects of education in Sargodha city. This vary paper is based on the results and reviews of the questionnaire which have been shared via online means, it concludes that in Pakistan the use of different languages or the blend of Urdu language and English language is preferable rather than availing the monolingual approach. It also suggests that how bilingual education is practiced to realize the intents of the academic programs in public and private schools in Sargodha.


Key Words: Bilingual and multilingual education, Language policy, public and private schooling


Introduction

This research paper gets the aim from the practical advantages that a dynamic, bilingual and multilingual education system offers to the society. Bilingual and multilingual mode of education will be the best suited in Pakistan in several aspects. Furthermore, lookup questions of this research work are enormously significant because the questionnaire seeks the prospects and recommendations of bilingual education in both public and private schools in Pakistan. This paper will also help the policy makers to select the medium of instruction in educational institutions. Consequently, when we impose bilingual mode of education it would beautify socio-cognitive, linguistic performance and purposeful bilingual education of the students via language switching and multimodalities. The use of multimodalities like sounds, graphics, texts and visuals will beautify the literacy of the students. Besides, the dynamic mannequin of translanguaging in education system will build up the multilingual literacy of the students in both public and private schools. Thus, with the aid of multi-languages, the dynamic device of education will shape the functional bilingual or multilingual understanding amongst the students. There are two professional languages in Pakistan. Out of these two i.e. Urdu and English, Urdu language is attributed as lingua franca because of the vast use of Urdu at nationwide.

Following is the description of important languages used in provinces of Pakistan.