Variable 5: Did you observe students feel old fashioned to use their local/native language?
75%
25%
Variable 6: Do you think multilingual education system helps the students to increase their ability of learning?
84.4%
15.6%
Variable 7: Do you think multilingual education system is not effective at school level as most of the students are not fluent in their Second language?
62.5%
37.5%
Variable 8: Do you think bilingual or multilingual education system helps students in personality development?
81.2%
18.8%
Variable 9: Do you think multilingual education system at school level helps to promote civilized dialogue?
71.9%
18.1%
Variable 10: Did you observe most of the students are satisfied (Yes) or not satisfied (No) with bilingual and multilingual education system at primary level of studies?
62.5%
37.5%
Variable 11: Is it valid statement “students of schools in Sargodha can get better education and understanding in monolingual education system?”
43.8%
56.2%
Variable 12: Are you in favor of bilingual and multilingual education system at the school level of Pakistan?
Variable 1 reveals that 96.9 % of the participant agreed that teaching and learning in mother tongue is effective at school level as it helps students in connecting with their ethnicity and also gives them identity. Only 3.1% students disagreed with the statement.
Variable 2 shows that the 100% Respondents revealed that teaching and learning of Urdu (National Language of Pakistan) is effective at school level in Pakistan especially in Sargodha as it is a case study in Sargodha. It shows the importance of Urdu in the schools of Sargodha and in Pakistan. It helps students to link with their ideology and National identity. As in the research survey, researchers took reviews from the participants and most of the participants responded that Urdu enables the students to communicate with the countryman of other province and regions.
3rd Variable represents that the 87.5% participants show positive responses about the effectiveness of Arabic Language (Islamic Language) at school level studies in Pakistan especially in Sargodha. Majority of the students in Sargodha and in Pakistan belongs to Islam therefore Arabic Language plays a vital role in the life of Muslim students. Language has an excellent impact on the Muslims as Holy Quran is in Arabic and it is the mother tongue of the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH). It helps the students of Public and Private schools in understanding the basis Islamic studies and keep religious influence on the life of Muslim students. 12.5% students disagreed with the statement as they thinks that Arabic Language is used only for the Islamic studies especially reciting the Holy Quran and not used for communication purpose in Pakistan especially in Sargodha.
Variable 4 exhibits the 93.8 respondents agreed that teaching and learning of English Language at school level is more effective. As English is an international language and above all it is our official language. It helps the students and learners to survive in Pakistan’s official zones. Before 1947 Pakistan has remained British colony and most of the legislation and many other official commands were in English and adopted from British government. The importance of this language lies in the historic and current significant for the Pakistani people. It is a fact that English is the language of many developed and powerful countries. Therefore learning of international language provides economics, political and social access and opportunities to the people of Pakistan.
Variable 5 shows that the 75% participants think that students feel old fashioned to make a conversation in their native/local language. As Pakistan is a multilingual country and students belong to diverse cultural backgrounds so talking in their native language to others does not make sense. 25% respondents disagreed with the statement that student feel old fashioned to speak in their local language. They think that students are closely attached to their culture and feel proud to speak in their mother tongue. They more likely to promote their language instead of feeling it old fashioned.
Variable 6 reveals that the 84.4% Respondents supported the argument that teaching and learning in bilingual and multilingual education system at school level in Pakistan is effective to increase the learning abilities of students. Multilingual education system is supported because of its better functions and its wide scope. On the other hand 15.6% Respondents revealed that teaching and learning in bilingual and multilingual education system is not effective in learning ability building. They think that learning in just one language ( first language ) is effective and easy to understand thus this would be more effective than bilingual or multilingual education system at school level of Pakistan.
Variable 7 shows that the 62.5 % participants are in favor of the statement that bilingual or multilingual education system at school level in Pakistan is not effective as most of the students are not fluent in their Second language. Urban students are in some extant speak national language or likely to exposed to it but students belong to rural areas are extremely not to exposed to their national language and come to school with that language they speak at home, while 37.5 % students disagreed with this statement. They think that learning and teaching in multilingual education system at school level helps the students to be fluent in more than one language and improve their learning and communication skills.
Variable 8 depicts the 81.2 % Respondents show their support towards multilingual education system at school level in Pakistan. Multilingual education system is more effective than monolingual education system for being helpful in personality building. As language is culture which reveals identity and it is an essential component of human personality. Fluency in more than one language helps the students in connecting with more people of diverse culture, learning from them and helps the students in expressing themselves in effective and different ways. Thus multilingual education system at school level in Pakistan helps the students in internal and external personality building and improvement.
Variable 9 shows the 71.9 % Respondents thinks that bilingual or multilingual education system at school level in Pakistan helps students to promote civilized dialogue. As Pakistan is multilingual society thus bilingual and multilingual education system its better for understanding and build up the cognitive ability in the children. There's versatility and confidence in students if at a same time they are capable of gaining more knowledge, while 28.1 % students disagreed with the statement. They think that multilingual education system is not more effective than monolingual education system to promote civilized dialogue.
Variable 10 reveals that 62.5 % Respondents observed that most of the students are satisfied with the bilingual and multilingual education system at school level in Pakistan as multilingual education system provide better chances of personality building and get employment. It also improves their learning and communication skills. They are in favor of bilingual and multilingual education system at school level due to its better functionality and wide scope. 37.5 % Respondents think that mostly students are not satisfied with multilingual education system at school level in Pakistan as most of the students are not fluent in their Second or third language.
Variable 11 shows a collaborative kind of results. 43.8% Respondents supported the statement that students of schools in Sargodha can get better education and understanding in monolingual education system at school level. As students have strong grip on their native or local language and they can easily understand and communicate in all circumstances in the very first language. 56.2 % Respondents which is majority disagreed with the statement as they think that students can get better education and understanding in bilingual and multilingual education system in Sargodha. As multilingual education system helps students in many ways. For instance, in personality building, in social mobility, increase in learning abilities. As people of Sargodha belong to diverse culture and languages thus monolingual education system can't be proved successful.
Variable 12 tells us that the 81.3 % Respondents are in favour of bilingual and multilingual education system at school level in Pakistan especially in Sargodha as it is a case study in Sargodha because they think that learning and teaching in multilingual education system is more effective than monolingual education system. Multilingual education system helps the students in civilized dialogue and helps them to be fluent in more than one language. Students can come in contact with the people of diverse culture and language and they can get knowledge and learning from them. While 18.7 % respondents disagreed with the bilingual and multilingual education system at school level in Sargodha as they think that learning in their native or local language is more effective and easy to understand. They are in favour of monolingual education system at school level in Pakistan.
Results
The research study illustrated that learning and teaching in bilingual and multilingual education system at school level is more effective than monolingual education system.
Researchers have come to know that in most of the schools in Sargodha especially in rural areas, native language is mostly used as a medium of instructions and students have less chances to speak and utilize their Second or third language outside the classroom or even inside the classroom, so multilingual education system should be implemented there in true manners.
Teachers have to employ multilingualism in classroom where the most important medium of instructions should be official language (Urdu) but the use of English must not be neglected as it is international and our official language, so to survive in official sphere fluency in English is must.
Multilingual mode of education in Sargodha is effective as most of the students belong to rural areas and for their survival in competent environment they should be fluent in more than one language.
By using different language the students will be exposed to new vocabulary and new lexical choices there are more chances of their cognitive development. It will enhance their ability to catch more concepts are ideas.
Multilingual education system at school level is more effective in personality development and increase in learning abilities.
The role of native language is not demolished as most of the students get better understanding and learning in their first language but fluency in multiple languages is the demand of the present era. If the students focus just on second language it will result in native language to move toward the language death.
