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3. Types of speech by activity:

Conditionally active processes - speaking, writing (but can be active listening and reading)

Conditionally reactive processes - listening, reading (but can be passive speaking and writing)

4. External speech:

Written

Verbal dialogue is more emotional, abbreviated

monologue - formal, placed, subject to the laws of the genre

Ontogeny of speech:

3 cooing / cooing (2-3 months) - Absolutely meaningless sound expression

3 sentences (6 months) - the first syllables appear, which is already imitation, often meaningless, up to 8 months. The tongue becomes motherly and the joints begin to coalesce

3 children begin to use their potential (9-10 months) - parents control the child's speech: they give forms, concepts, attitudes to his speech. By the age of 2, the formal side of speech is formed.

The relationship between speech and thinking in phylogeny:

Animals have expressive, emotional speech, this signal is characteristic, and speech lacks intellectual and symbolic functions.

^ The genetic roots of speech and thinking are different

^ The development of speech and thinking goes in different directions independently of each other

^ The relationship between thinking and speech is not a constant value during phylogenetic development, but the intellectual stage of speech development and the speech stage in the development of thinking are gradually formed.

Speech and thinking relationships:

The function of speech, as a supreme function, is possible only because, with the help of reason, man reflects truth in general. The meaning of a word (a set of features that serve to separate this object from the surrounding reality, allowing it to belong to any class), its generalized reflection is an act of thinking.

The relationship of thought to word is a process, it is a movement back from thought to word and from word to thought. External speech is the process of turning thought into words, while internal speech is pure meaning, unstable and fluid thinking. Thought is not made up of separate words like speech.

Speech is done through language. Speech is a process of communication, language is a means of communication. As a means of communication, language plays the role of conditional signs (symbols) accepted in a particular community of people. Enlivens speech sounds and language signs. Language and speech are complex formations and have a specific structure that ensures their normal functioning.

Definitions: In psychology, there is a narrow and broad concept of speech.

Speech in the broadest sense is seen through various means of communication. For example: words, gestures, facial expressions, postures, body movements.

By definition, I.A. There are three types of speech in winter:

external speech,

- expressive (conversational) speech

- effective speech (speech perception and comprehension)

external written speech (written and read),
inner speech (related to thinking).

The main forms of oral speech:

- monologue,

- dialogic

- group speech (polylogue).

These types of speech can be defined by the general concept of “spontaneous speech”. They create live speech.

monologue speech (monologue) is defined in speech psychology as a coherent speech of a person, whose communicative purpose is to report some facts, events of reality. Monologue serves as the most complex form of speech to convey information purposefully. The main features of a monologue speech are the one-sidedness and continuity of the statement, the arbitrariness, the expansion, and the logical sequence of the presentation of the message.

Dialogic (dialogue) is the primary form of speech in origin. As a form of speech, dialogue consists of replicas (separate statements) derived from a chain of successive speech reactions; in the form of a conversation (conversation) of two or more participants of oral communication or in the form of alternative appeals, questions and answers.