Еducаtiоn оf thе rеpublic оf uzbеkistаn chirchik state pedagogical institute

2.1. Differences between language and speech

1) Language is a set of characters and rules for using them. Speech is the process of using language. If language has a certain system of signs and rules for changing them, speech is a real process of language management.

2) Language is stable, speech is dynamic. Speech as a process is an opportunity to develop language as a system. If language is stable enough, stable, and the rules of character change are relatively unchanged, speech implies dynamics: in the process of live speech, the use and repetition of language expands, new rules and laws emerge.

3) Language is a system of social meanings that allows speech to express individual meaning. If language is a system of socially developed generalizations, concepts, speech reflects the process of their individual assimilation, during and as a result of which concepts can have different specific meanings.

4) Speech is first mastered in practice, and then the rules are implemented. Language involves first getting acquainted with terms and rules and then applying them in speech. Speech and language differ in the way they are mastered: if a person first masters the language (foreign or computer) theoretically and gradually masters its conditional connections, speech (in the mother tongue) - in practice, even without knowing the language separately. rules.

Types of speech:

1) Sign language and voice

2) Written and oral

3) External and internal

4) Dialogic and monologue

1. Modern speech is mostly sound speech, but gestures also play a role in sound speech. Sign language accompanies the main text of a speech as if it were a voice: sign has an auxiliary meaning.

2. In oral speech, a person perceives the audience, their attitude to their words. Written speech is aimed at the reader who does not see or hear the writer, who reads what he has written after a while. The writer is deprived of the ability to use expressive means (intonation, facial expressions, gestures). Written language is usually less expressive than spoken language. Written speech is more impersonal (business, scientific). However, this allows you to work long and hard on the verbal expression of an idea, and there is no time to polish phrases in oral speech.

3. External speech serves communication (although sometimes a person can think aloud without communicating with anyone), so its main feature is the ability to access other people’s perceptions (hearing, seeing). Inner speech is the process of inner silent speech. It cannot be perceived by other people and cannot be a means of communication. Inner speech is a means of organizing and managing one’s life. Inner speech is the oral shell of thinking.

Features of internal speech in relation to external speech:

1) predicative (not to leave the subject),

2) abbreviation,

3) decomposition,

4) the predominance of meaning over meaning, the tendency of words to stick together.

4. Monologue speech - a detailed speech, which is based on both an independent motive and an independent plan. Dialogic - The conversation usually depends on the situation.